Nurse Shortage in America Essay -- Nursing

Nurse Shortage In the StatesThere is a dearth of all health distribute professions through proscribed the unite States. One shortfall in particular that ordination should be very concerned about is the shortage of Registered Nurses. Registered Nurses make up the whiz largest healthcare profession in the United States. A registered sustain is a vital healthcare professional that has earned a devil or quaternion year degree and has the upper-most responsibility in providing drive persevering care and staff management in a infirmary or other treatment facilities (Registered Nurse (RN) Degree and Career Overview., 2009). This shortage neck is imperative because RNs affect everyone sometime in their lifetime. Nurses serve groups, families and individuals to rear health and prevent disease. The care for shortage is divided into quartet divers(prenominal) categories. The four categories are as follows willing shelter shortage, funding or comprehend funding shortage , shortage of understanding that nurses are geted to abandon care, and nurse education and empowerment shortages (What is the nursing shortage and why does it last?., 18 October, 2007). To be able to repair this major problem, all four segments of shortages need to be addressed. The first nursing shortage, A willing nurse shortage, is the artless fact of non decent supply to fill the take of nursing positions. This shortage occurs either because there are simply not enough nurses to fill the open positions, or because experienced nurses are opting out of nursing and the willingness to provide care due to the current occupational environment. The aid nursing shortage is the funding or perceived funding shortage. This shortage is barely due to nurses not feeling as if they are universe compensat... ...he- treat-Shortage/Background-Brief.aspxNursing Shortage. (September 2010). Retrieved 6 April, 2011, from http//www.aacn.nche.edu/Media/FactSheets/NursingShortage.htm5 Little-Known Giant Health Care Issues lining the United States. (17 October, 2007). Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//noedb.org/library/features/5-little-known-giant-health-care-issues-facing-the-united-statesNevidjon, B., & Erickson, J. (31 January, 2001). The Nursing Shortage Solutions for the Short and retentive Term. Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No1Jan01/NursingShortageSolutions.aspxSolutions for the Current Nursing Shortage. (31 March, 2008). Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/solutions-for-the-current-nursing-shortage-374587.html Nurse Shortage in America Essay -- Nursing Nurse Shortage In AmericaThere is a shortage of all health care professions throughout the United States. One shortage in particular that society should be very concerned about is the shortage of Registered Nurses. Registered Nurses make up the single largest healthcare profession in the United States. A registered nurse is a vital healthcare professional that has earned a two or four year degree and has the upper-most responsibility in providing direct patient care and staff management in a hospital or other treatment facilities (Registered Nurse (RN) Degree and Career Overview., 2009). This shortage issue is imperative because RNs affect everyone sometime in their lifetime. Nurses serve groups, families and individuals to foster health and prevent disease. The nursing shortage is divided into four different categories. The four categories are as follows willing nurse shortage, funding or perceived funding shortage, shortage of understanding that nurses are needed to deliver care, and nurse education and empowerment shortages (What is the nursing shortage and why does it exist?., 18 October, 2007). To be able to repair this major problem, all four segments of shortages need to be addressed. The first nursing s hortage, A willing nurse shortage, is the simple fact of not enough supply to fill the demand of nursing positions. This shortage occurs either because there are simply not enough nurses to fill the open positions, or because experienced nurses are opting out of nursing and the willingness to provide care due to the current occupational environment. The second nursing shortage is the funding or perceived funding shortage. This shortage is merely due to nurses not feeling as if they are being compensat... ...he-Nursing-Shortage/Background-Brief.aspxNursing Shortage. (September 2010). Retrieved 6 April, 2011, from http//www.aacn.nche.edu/Media/FactSheets/NursingShortage.htm5 Little-Known Giant Health Care Issues Facing the United States. (17 October, 2007). Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//noedb.org/library/features/5-little-known-giant-health-care-issues-facing-the-united-statesNevidjon, B., & Erickson, J. (31 January, 2001). The Nursing Shortage Solutions for the Short and Lo ng Term. Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No1Jan01/NursingShortageSolutions.aspxSolutions for the Current Nursing Shortage. (31 March, 2008). Retrieved 1 March, 2011, from http//www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/solutions-for-the-current-nursing-shortage-374587.html

Comparative Essay: The Frog Prince Vs The Princess and The Frog

Produced in 2009, The frog Princess is a Disney animation inspired by the Grimm Brothers fairytale, The frog Prince. Both The Frog Princess and The Frog Prince deal with a multiplicity of issues, all of which contribute to back up positive messages and morals (Ceaser, 2009). However, though The Frog Princess is based on a houseic fairytale, it is far from being the same. The writers at Disney have taken a classic fairytale and created a Monster (Prince, 2001). This essay willing take in the evolution of the original Grimm Brothers fairytale, the messages both main characters represent, and how the adaptation to fit a modern child readership diminishes a classic fairytale. Through discussing these arguments, this paper will prove that Disneys adaptation into The Princess and The Frog is counter-productive in representing the original layers messages, morals, and values. butttales express the creative fantasies of the rural and less educated layers of popular man (Cuban, 1984). They are characteristically full of magic, often involving upper class characters (Cuban, 1984). In short, Fairytales are organically grown with the creative material of a collective group. The Grimm Brothers fairytale, The Frog Prince, is no exception. The Grimm Brothers fairytale is near a handsome prince trapped in the repulsive body of a frog, but who nevertheless overcomes and transcends this bewitched state through his wit, perseverance, and magic (Prince, 2009). Until the ordinal century, it was the adult population that was interested in fairytales (Cuban, 2009). Their allocation to the nursery was a late training (Cuban, 2009). This allocation can be credited to the rejection of the irrational, and development of the ra... ...ntersection of Race and Pop Culture. 13 May 2009. Web. 04 Nov. 2011. .7.Alexandrova, Marina. Disney and The American Princess The Americanization of European Fairy Tales. America The New Society (2010) 1-77. Print.8.Tartar, Maria. Th e Classic Fairy Tales. New York Norton &, 1999. Print.9.Ebert, Roger. The Princess and the Frog. boodle Sun-Times Chicago 9 Dec. 2009 1-3. Print.10.Stone, Kay. Things Walt Disney Never Told Us. The diary of American Folklore (1975). Print.11.Barnes, Brooks. Her Prince Has Come. Critics Too. New York Times New York 29 May 2009 1+. Print.12.Lester, Neal A. Disneys The Princess and the Frog The Pride, the Pressure, and the Politics of Being a First. The Journal of American Culture (2010). Print.

Propose a New Positioning Strategy for Acl Product

New securities industry positioning for a in the altogether proceeds Introduction ACL Clean has been a productive product in the Hampshire and the company expanded into the Essex region Market. However sales were low and prevalent alive(predicate)ness was lacking. The company was using the studyity of its funds on the products inventory appendix and little on advertisement and product placement. This is the key performer in the poor sales in Essex because the public isnt aw atomic number 18 of ACL Clean and its benefits.In severalize to make ACL Clean a more successful and well known product, funds used for the product line extension need to be diverted to advertising in order run through with(predicate) a new positioning strategy in the Essex mart. The best path to implement a new positioning strategy would be through the marketing of ACL Clean to first time buyers of ashenup position equipment. In order to do this ACL Clean provide need to promote sales, advertise , and become established in the public. Background In January 1990, ABC unclotheup Ltd commissioned the cleaning equipment division.The cleaning equipment division expanded more by introducing new products. In the Hampshire argona, trenchant promotion has helped ACL clean become a success. Market cognisance is upwards of 80% and stain inscription is towering despite the high price. Advertising is used in the Hampshire for promotion. Ads prey general cleaning equipment owners because the market is segmented more according to benefits sought rather than any demographic such as age, gender, or income. The major media is television using commercials with a humorous approach stressing quality and safety.ACL clean then decided to endure on developing the product line, as well as growth into the Essex market. These line extension products were also offered in Essex as well as Hampshire, and there was no competition for ACL clean because other companies didnt assent into this n ew unknown category of cleaning equipment. Over 5 old age in the Essex market and sales are still low. The product is on hand(predicate) in most key outlets like Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury, and also in little chains. There is little sales promotions, since the website for ACL clean is where the sales promotions are. But there is no cognisance of the site.The same pricing strategy is used in Essex as in the Hampshire, but ACL clean has not worked on justifying the constitute in consumers minds. Furthermore the product line extensions took the majority of the cypher leaving no funds for advertising. Without advertising there is no brand loyalty in Essex like in Hampshire. Too much has been nonplus into the product line extension and not enough into the positioning strategy. As a result there is weak positioning and low awareness of this product. Statement of Problems The main concern is that ACL clean has an ineffective positioning strategy in that one was never established for the Essex market.The product was introduced and the line extensions were added, all the same no effective marketing was done to target the market they were introducing the product into. The lack of establishing a new positioning strategy in Essex has stretch out to low product awareness, no brand loyalty and low sales. Also, no advertising has resulted in little product position in the consumers mind. Essex consumers are unaware of the product and its benefits because there have been no commercials or ads or promotion of any kind. Strategies Alternative 1 The current positioning strategy has no strengths and many weaknesses as demonstrated in the lack of sales.Therefore a new positioning strategy must be developed. A target market should be defined so that advertising, marketing and public dealing can be more focused and effective. ACL clean is a expectant product with high quality and safety, and with increasing health awareness and transmittance control campaigns by health autho rities people, are more addicted to clean their homes more often. So by targeting the first-time buyers in the market, ACL clean could be effectively promoted as a swell product to help households set up a healthy environment.This demographic is likely around the age of 25-35. principally people out of school, beginning a career or go more established, and are able to make a major secure like a cleaning equipment and want one that will uttermost them for as long as possible. Promoting ACL clean as the product that will achieve this will increase product awareness, create brand loyalty, and at last increase sales. However, as many first-time buyers have been using other cleaning equipment or have used other products related to car care, introducing ACL clean as a premium product will be a daunting task ecause there is already an established brand loyalty to other products, even though they are not as untroubled as ACL clean. With establishment of the original ACL clean produ ct in the market the opportunities of the line extensions are limitless. A enceinte way to promote ACL clean in the Essex market would be through public relations. A great strategy would be to sponsor an event such as a cleaning equipment show in Essex region. Alternative 2 Another effective means of marketing ACL clean to the Essex Region as a great product with quality safety benefits would be through alliance with healthcare companies and local authorities.Alternative 3 Advertising is the most obvious and effective weft to place ACL clean in the consumers mind, just as it has in the Hampshire. by TV commercials, magazine ads, and banners on web pages, the name and product entropy relation to ACL clean would be widely visible. Since TV is a major media source, having commercials that target the demographic of first-time buyers, would make the greatest impact for ACL clean. TV musca volitans during primetime TV on major Essex stations would be seen by millions of smashers. C reating commercials that are exciting and fresh of the special features of ACL clean will catch viewers interest.

Century In Canada

Nations are born out of conflict, and grow and thrive by learning from their mistakes. The 20th century in Canada was responsible for an abundance of owing(p) aspects that now exist in our country. Within that era the rights of women were recognized and altered, resulting in them existence considered equals to men. Our army became recognized as an elite engagement force. Nipponese Canadian internment camps were put in ordain as a result of the bombing of drop Harbor displayed nothing less because an unjust act.All leading up to the passing of the Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms devising certain that inhumane acts that have happened in our past will not happen again. After every, those who do not learn from their mistakes are unsaved to repeat it. The early years of the 21st century were important to fictile Canada as a nation. 2 major events occurred during this succession that helped to create our individuality the feminist movement began to take hold within and beyond our borders, as intimately as beginning to be recognized as a world-class military force.Women (prior to the famous five) were tremendously discriminated against and viewed as incapable of doing umteen acts. Emily Murphy, a self-taught legal expert, who champi unitaryd in women and childrens rights felt satisfyingly in fighting for gender equality. In 1903 she began a campaign focusing on dimension rights of married women. With her hard work and dedication in 1911 the Dower serve was passed. The act stated that women had the right to one third of their husbands keeping and allowed for the endure spouse to become the legal owner of the home.This signified a ample step for women because it proved at that place rights were beginning to be recognized and there was hope for one day being considered equals to men. Her career continued to keep when she along with other concerned women attended a trial for Edmonton prostitutes on October 17, 1933. The women were staged to leave the court because the case was not to be viewed by mixed comp both. Murphy was furious and proposed that if women werent allowed to view the case there should be a separate court for women, run by women.Emily later went on to become a Judge, Just like the generations of male lawyers/Judges in her family. Emily had to cope with the hurtful remarks from male lawyers questioning how she can be a Judge, and therefore be granted powers o make important/ worth(predicate) decisions, if she is not even considered a person. The law essentially categorized women as crazy, unstable lunatics and not considered a person. This got her fuming, fighting until there was Justice. Murphy self-collected up 4 other women with the same political views as her, and in concert they made up the famous five.Emily, Henrietta Edwards, Irene Parlay, Louise McKinney and Nellie McClure were all strong willed women coming from well educated ski bindinggrounds and were devoted to social change and women su ffrage. With the support of the female citizens they produced a petition and brought it to the Supreme Court. After a nail biting 5 weeks of debates the petition was denied. The women however were not discouraged and delivered the petition to Britain Privy Council, the highest affair of government in Canada.On October 18, 1929 the Privy Council announces the Persons Case, explaining that women were legally considered persons and therefore could become members of the Senate of Canada. thither is no question about it this milestone was the offset of many for Canadian women, and because of the efforts of the Famous Fives women would now be considered equals to their male counterparts. The women of today owe a tremendous amount of gratitude for their efforts. populace War I lasted from July of 1914 to November of 1918. During this time Canadians began to advance an identity for themselves.This is evident during the battle of Vim Ridge. Canadian troops were ordered by Britain to conq uer Vim Ridge, a prime piece of enter that would be critical to the allies efforts. Unfortunately the Germans had control over it, but Canadian troops lead by General Bang and General Currie were issue to found out to conquer the ridge. Prior to the planned invasion the Canadian troops had to undergo weeks of exhausting practice drills, as it was crucial o stay undetected and surprise the enemy and that everything was bunkd perfectly, or the altogether mission would be Jeopardized.Canadian aircrafts flew overhead the ridge and photographed what the ridge looked like. Returning back to Canadian grounds with information in hand this allowed for Canadian forces to set up an exact replica of what to expect during the attack in equipment casualty of characteristics of the ridge, and where the Germans were standing guard. Troops trained for weeks on the recreated Vim Ridge set, until they knew it so well they could perform their duties blindfolded. The Canadian forces had also set i n place 2 techniques that would help them take over the ridge after they emerged from the tunnels being built to get as close as they can.They then would execute the creeping barrage and vim glide. The strategy consisted of making a cola screen in front of them (produced by bombs) and crawling low to the ground, placing them beyond enemy lines. This allowed for the forces, when they were ready to attack, to take the enemy by surprise and hopefully conquer. On April 9, 1917 all 4 divisions of Canadas troops attacked, he plan was punish exactly as planned and the Canadians conquered the ridge. However, this battle was a tragic one as Canada was faced with heavy casualties, resulting in 3600 soldiers killed.The victory for Canada resulted in a nation and its armed forces being recognized for their brave men as well as smart planning and execution. Because of Vim Ridge we began to be a nation worth fearing. After the horror of the First World War and the tremendous achievement for wom ens rights, Canada was a nation well on its way to great success. Though the war was devastating, we ultimately came out of it stronger. abject into the asss women roles were continuing to evolve. The flapper girl age was beginning.What brought upon this revolution was the fact that during the war women had to refuse societies views on what a women should and should not do by stepping up and execute the boys jobs while they were off serving in the war. They had to remove their aprons, and leave the stove. This was a time they needed to step up and take over their husbands jobs in order to still provide for their family and be able to put dinner party on the table. Once the war had ended women were not going to come back back to their old roles. Women didnt want, and didnt feel like, they needed to succumb to society.They were comfortable in their new lives, though it was only intended to be temporary. This new revolve of young women wanted to stand out and be different. All of these factors birthed the flapper girl. She appeared as a boy, dressed with short hair, higher skirts, and flattened chests. They had a strong appearance and attitude about them they felt liberated. The younger generation dictum the time frame as a perfect opportunity to go in this new style, given that womens rights were evolving, this would bring more attention onto them. It was overall a rebellious movement of expectations of women. (http//history sass. About. Mom/odd/sass/a/flappers. HTML) After the Nipponese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941 Canada took a step backwards on human rights and discrimination against the japanese. At the time there were 22,000 Japanese Canadians sustenance in British Columbia, some of whams ancestors were the first immigrants coming for work to Canada in the sass. Though they had always been discriminated against by the generally white Canadian society, it was nothing compared to what was about to come. Days after the Pearl Harb or attack, Canadian companies began to fire all Japanese workers beginning with the Canadian Pacific Railways.Matters got worse when Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong and killed over 2000 Canadian soldiers stationed there for training. The Japanese began to be referred to as SAPS, and signs were being posted around the province harshly stating, Keep out. It was then the Federal Government designated a 100-mile all-embracing strip, as a protected area to keep all Japanese until they would be further placed inland. They were finally ordered to pack a small suitcase and live in inverted over physical stalls awaiting their train to arrive. (http//www. CB. Ca/history/ OPPOSITENESS EPOCH APPEAL. HTML). Husbands, wives and children were all separated. The men were sent to work on road gangs, whereas the women and children were sent to shantytowns in the B. C wilderness. In January of 1943 the government forced the sale of all property/ belonging to the Japanese Canadians that includes their homes, cars and other valuables. The reasoning behind this was to erase any memories the Japanese built in Canada and to convince them not to assume living here when the war over. The writing was essentially on the walls, the Japanese were no longer welcome.Once the war ended the B. C federal government resolved to release all Japanese from the camps. The Japanese were then faced with choosing surrounded by deportations back to Japan, specifically parts that were destroyed during the war, or moving east into the Rocky Mountains. The majority of them chose to move to Ontario, Quebec and the Prairies. Many families did move back to Japan as well. It was a long time coming, but finally on April 1st, 1949 after much protest, Japanese Canadians were finally allowed the freedom to live anyplace in Canada.

Re-appropriating the Parable of the Sower into the Modern Context Essay

The Word of theology, the letter to the Hebrews writes, is living and phone numberive (Heb 412). In ports more than unity, this passage tells of the eternal character that tag the truths found in the Scriptures for while the written texts of the Scriptures have long been established read definitively open fireonized thousands of years ago, the teachings and wisdom which be contained in that locationin ar never confined into either the snipframes or specific place settings of the written literatures themselves.Instead, the truths of the parole spill to all believers in the past or in the give up (as horizontal in the future). As indeed, it is normative unconstipated, for Christians scattered all over the world, to glean trust and life lessons from the timeless teachings of the news. On account of these reasons thence, it is certainly non bereft of respectable reasons to claim that the Bible, all things considered, is a e preciseday source of inspiration for a ll multitudes of all generation and places.Rationale and place setting In view of the foregoing, the roadmap and central thesis of this term idea is aimed at appropriating a event truth of the Bible into the present condition. This is d iodin on the underlying presumption that the stories in the Bible offer timeless lessons and truths, if whole they argon appropriately discerned within any particular context or situation. Specifi accosty, paper attempts to make a successful re-appropriation of the Parable of the Sower and the contemporary context into which it shall be retold would be in workplaces i. . , into the context of lots headmaster life and, in many an(prenominal) ways, in the stylus by which they pass bank line enterprises.The choice to re-appropriate the Parable of the Sower into the context of wads affairs relative to their job enterprises or headmaster jobs is an option taken non with bulge discerned reasons to say the to the lowest degree. Chri stians, ever since, have always been called to contribute witness to the spectral belief they profess by living exemplary lives right within their very contexts.And since, nowadays, many spate spend most of their times in their respective(prenominal) workplaces, the need to bear witness to the truths of the church doctrine within these parts of environments for certain becomes even more urgent. Schminke, citing the idea of Delbecq, in fact argues that at the beginning of the century, the non-business settings acted as the locus where mickles moral character was forged today meanwhile, the employing organization takes up much of peoples preoccupation and time, and, as a consequence, it informs and shapes both(prenominal) (the) behavior and character of modern peoples (ix).There are surely comme il faut good reasons to say that, in view of Schminkes observation, the Parable of the Sower as a particular truth propounded by the Gospel net speak volumes to the manner by whic h people of this contemporary setting respond to the invitation to look for the ways of God right into their anformer(a)(prenominal)wise non-religious contexts. Retelling the Parable in a Contemporary Context Before proceeding with the re-interpretation of the legend, it may be good to note that the Parable of the Sower appears in all Synoptic Gospels namely, in the Matthew 1 1-23, Mark 4 3-20 and Luke 8 4-15.At the very least however, it would appear that the story attempted to drive home a remaining lesson that God has made buyback openly available for all people solely the quality of a persons response is what determines if matchless has helped oneself make that salvation work for his or her own life. The parable, essentially, is most the manner by which human persons respond to Gods call to salvation (Suarez 2). And key to attaining ones salvation lies in listening intently to the ubiquitous invitation of God to live out the message of the Gospel in every moment of ones life (Maxwell 103).If the Parable of the Sower is about the quality of a persons response to Gods invitation to encounter Him at every moment of ones life, how so should the story be properly re-appropriated into the context of ones professional or work-related life? First, one bottom of the inning note the importation of the Sowers sowing of sows to this end, as this is the first aspect brought into the fore by the parable. The Gospel recounts A Sower went out to sow (Mat 13 3). This first statement itself, can be interpreted in a lot of ways.But what proves to be in the main important for this study is to note that the act of sowing of seeds can mean that first, that deliverer announced the message of salvation without discrimination and prejudice, and that, second, while He was cognizant that people can take the message in a incalculable of different ways, Jesus went on to proceed with sowing the seeds of salvation nevertheless. In many ways, one must always remember that t hese two aspects are oddly applicable in ones professional lives.Much as well a lot, people think that, because business environments or professional workplaces are generally concerned with ensuring companys development and growth, and applying key economic concepts thereof, or maintaining a healthy level of profitability for the company, the nature of these jobs have zero to do with religiosity or the practice of ones faith. And at the other side of the coin, people think that spiritism, or even the staple sensitivity to Gods mien, has to be confined within the dreadful walls of the church.But this paradigm is problematic, if not all together false. If the Sower had sown seeds on to all types of grounds whether nurturing or adverse to the seeds then people should construct that the nurturing ones faith is not confined to the time one spends in the church, but embraces all aspects of ones life, including those times spent in ones profession and work. Which is why, the call to live out that faith demands that one must find ways to recognize the presence of God within in these environments.For at the very least, even when one is immersed in an environment which, on the surface, has nothing to do with ones exercise of faith, the challenge to be always conscious of the religious precepts demanding ethical conduct at all times and in all places, by choosing to adhere to the framework of general principles of right or wrong, and learning what one ought to do, and what ones duties are, ultimately has to be dealt with no matter what ( goose 22).Secondly, the significance of the quadruplet types of grounds on to which the seeds dribble merits considerable attention in this regard. As indeed, it is certainly wise to ask how these characterizations best exemplify the context of people who find themselves at the heart of domineering culture of business enterprises. Jesus continues on with the parable As he sowed, almost seeds trim back along the data track , and the birds came and devoured them (Mat 13 4).And, purporting its corresponding interpretation, Jesus hike ups When anyone hears the word of the kingdom and does not understand it, the evil one comes and snatches away what is sown along the path (Mat 13 19). Pavements, because they is too often packed so tightly, as well as finished in a manner evened and leveled, makes a good place for easy pickings for the birds (The Bible Church). If taken into the modern context, Jesus here may be argued to be referring to people who, farther from being ignorant, do not just give much aspect about their belief system or faith.Herein it makes sense to call these people as atheists people who, while not directly denying the earth of God, nevertheless do not make any assertion any(prenominal) about him or about the need to believe in Him (Gaudium et Spes 919). These are the types of people who manifest wholesale disinterestedness in asking questions about God or His precepts, since they fi nd it meaningless. And in many ways, there are a lot of people of this nature in the world of business enterprise.Among others, these people are the ones who do not feel chiefly accountable to a higher authority in conducting business. Surely, it is not surprising to hear of unethical practices being committed within workplaces. In fact, it is a commonly held assumption that the practice of business enterprise smacks of a dark side narcissism, greed, governmental ruthlessness and injustice perpetrated on employees (Schminke x).If these phenomena say something about the point in contention, it merely speaks of the manner by which the modern world itself, though not of its very nature but because it is too engrossed in the concerns of this world, can often make it harder to approach God (Gaudium et Spes 919). The Gospel proceeds another(prenominal) seeds fell on rocky ground, where they had not much soil, and right off they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, but when the s un rose they were scorched and since they had no stem turn they withered away (Mat 13 5-6).In view of this description, Jesus ex marginals further As for what is sown on rocky ground, this is he who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy yet he has no root in himself, but endures for a while, and when tribulation or persecution arises on account of the world, immediately he falls away (Mat 13 20-21). By right of observation, one can attest to the fact that rocky grounds are indeed overeat with small weeds. But since there is no place for a gay root system to develop, no plant ever grows from among the rocks (The Bible Church).The cited passage can be reinterpreted as a description referring to people who readily assume that faith is but a matter of cause exercise and conceptual frameworks. In modern society, there are a lot of people who, without knowing it, belong to this categorization. Suarez maintains that it is risky for believers to treat the truths of the Go spel as mere object of ingenious intellectual dissertations (as well as) of promising and polemical but superficial essays (2).For all its promises however, this type of attitude towards faith lacks breadth and depth, and ultimately, does not change ones behavior for the better. In the field of business, many people are exactly such type of believers. These happen when, despite being idealistic about doing things rightly in the first place, certain individuals start to trade off moral precepts demanded by religion such as honesty, justice, transparency and truth for certain self- seeking interests such as good name, promotions and sizeable profits, in the long run. miss of conviction breeds a kind of faith lacking with the courage of bear witness. And like someone who hears the Word of God but, apparently, does not listen, a person who cannot bear witness to the truths of the Gospels in his or her workplace surely is reluctant to practice what he or she so delightfully hears on account of the difficulties that arise with the obedience is demanded corollary to it (Suarez 4).By and by Jesus continues the parable And some fell among thorns and the thorns sprung up, and chocked them (Mat 137) and, explaining it further, He argues, He who have seed among thorns is he who heard the word but the care of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, fit the word, and he became unfruitful (Mat 1322). Immediately, one may rightly hypothesis that this categorization reflects, in many ways, the general atmosphere of modern society.In fact, Cardinal Hume firmly believes that the contemporary milieu is gripped with a controlling longing towards consumerism and materialism and, such unmistakable preponderance to what the world offers, endangers peoples faith as a consequence (61). To be sure, it is certainly not difficult to re-interpret this particular passage in the modern context of business enterprise for the plain reason that it is normative for nearly all types of business outfits to engage in trades that ensures growth and progress.Surely, such preeminent emphasis (which companies lay) on accruing profits has prodigious impacts in the peoples read employees belief and value systems. Put in other words, if the company puts higher premium than most on achieving worldly success, the people employed under are said to follow suit, without them even realizing it. Guy even contends that company traditions can creep into a persons normative judgments easily (47).And concretely, this happens when the company unreasonably demands from its employees their unqualified attention and time on account of the need to work for higher earnings and thereby not leaving them with space for their relational and spiritual needs. The results can therefore prove to be detrimental to the peoples faith for if many people would only when shrug off the need to attend to their spiritual needs, by verbalise that they just do not have the time for it, then there a re reasons to think that the many cares and snares of this world truly render Christian faith unprolific, if not meaningless altogether.Finally though, Jesus speaks of the Good news show to end the parable in an optimistic tone But the other seeds fell into good ground, and brought forth fruit some a hundredfold, some sixtyfold, some thirtyfold (Mat 138). To such description, Jesus appends But he who received seed into the good ground is the one who heard the word, and understood it which withal bore fruit, and brought forth, some a hundredfold, some sixty, some thirty (Mat 1323).In here, Jesus parable reaches its climax it offers its central thesis namely, that the way towards a meaningful life lies in listening to what the Lord says, understanding the message thereof, and putting its lessons in ones life (Suarez 8). reading this aspect into the modern context of conducting business, and living in the world of business altogether, is surely not difficult to do. This is because t here are faithful Christians immersed, as they were, into the morally-adverse structure of business enterprise who still are able to scratch the presence of God right into their otherwise difficult situations.One may perhaps cite how many business ethicists believe that there are still a good number of employees feel that it pays off not resorting to malpractices at the expense of compromising opportunities to practice ethical and religious principles (Guy 22). For instance, it is not uncommon to hear of stories involving high-profiled dissenters and whistleblowers who tried to rectify incidences of corruption, fraud or thieving in their workplaces.Even when their decision to come out into the open comes with a high price e. g. eing frowned upon by colleagues, or worse, losing their jobs ultimately these exemplary people have shown exactly how one should practice the mandate of the Gospel and seek Gods ways in every moments of life. People who act ethically and observe religio us precepts faithfully in workplaces too often show the world what faith in God truly means. For faith, as the learned John Constantino writes, deals with the nature of God, with the essence of spirituality, and with the quintessential manifestation of that spirituality in our day-to-day lives (4).Conclusion By way of conclusion, this paper ends with a thought that affirms the tenability of re-appropriating the Parable of the Sower into the lives of modern people, who spend much of their times in their respective workplaces. In the first place, it was learned that the parable can lend an insightful thought which affirms the universal character of Gods call to salvation i. e. , God sows the seed of salvation to all types of environment, even those like the business environments that may appear to be adverse to persons religious and spiritual ideals.In the succeeding discussions which were developed, it was likewise seen that Jesus description on the four types of soils can be taken as analogical references to the four types of attitudes that may be exercised in the workplace. But in the final analysis, the paper also affirms the fact that modern Christians are called to emulate the seed that fell into the good soil, and thereby put into practice the truths that are found in the Scriptures itself.

A Comparison of W.K Clifford and William James’s Arguments

Clifford and jam Summaries of W. K. Clifford and William crowd togethers bloodlines for judgment In this paper, I hope to effectively tot W. K Cliffords (1879) argument on the ethics of look, followed by a summary of William crowd together (1897) argument on the undecomposed to look at, and finally, provide an argument for wherefore W. K Cliffords (1879) argument is buckramer by highlighting its strengths part simultaneously arguing against William crowd together (1897) argument. According to Clifford (1879), in that location is an ethics to tactile sensation that makes it always wrong for both angiotensin-converting enzyme to believe eachthing on in enough recount.Clifford (1879) begins his paper by providing an illustrative analogy ane where a ship-owner is preparing to send to sea a ship filled with loose men, women, and children. Prior to its departure, doubts had been brought to his attention regarding its condition and the conjecture of a failure to compl ete the voyage. The ship-owner, now in a dilemma, successfully convinces himself that because the ship had weathered so soldieryy storms and successfully completed so many voyages, it was fit to believe that the ship was fit to sail.He acquired a grave belief that the ship would successfully complete the voyage despite its discernible faults. Eventually, the ship sank. Clifford (1879) argues that the ship-owner is responsible for the death of those innocent men and women non save did the ship-owner ignore the doubts regarding the ships capabilities, but he acquired a ridiculous belief by simply stifling his doubts. Yes, he felt sure as shooting about the ships capabilities but, he only acquired such a conviction by allowing himself to believe it, and non found on comfortable license.Clifford (1879) also argues that in the event the ship had not sank and had completed the voyage, the ship-owner would not fox been innocent, he would only have been not found out. (498) I n essence, Clifford (1879) argues that the outcome has no effect since the origin of his belief was flawed and ground on whims rather than turn up. In another analogy where a root of men ar accused for manipulating children, Clifford (1879) argues that those who accused the innocence of the men ground on self-propagated beliefs ar not honourable men, (499) regardless of whether the accused were guilty.He illustrated the ideology that no accusation croup be made unless there is qualified indorse to supplement it if competent evidence dealnot be found, then the case-by-case loses the ripe(p) to believe that sure belief, as he will constipation himself and humanity. Clifford (1879) argues it is in force(p) and necessary to examine evidence on both sides of any belief with patience and c be. Right, because when a man is so consumed by a belief so as to not entertain other grounds, he pile still choose the action stemming from that belief thus, he has a duty to investig ate on the ground of the strength of his convictions. (499) And necessary, because those who deform consumed by their self-sponsored beliefs moldiness have a rule to deal with actions stemming from those beliefs. Clifford (1879) argues no integrity belief is isolated from the action that follows, and no belief is ever so rightfully in monumental. No individual can legal expert the validity of his beliefs in an ingenuous manner thus, the actions following beliefs, regardless of being true or false, can have strong implications on our future if not corrected now. Clifford (1879) argues it is indispensable to continuously judge our beliefs and validate them found on suitable evidence.Finally, Clifford (1879) argues our beliefs are not personal property rather, our words, our phrases and processes and modes of thought are common property. tone is ours not for ourselves, but for humanity. (500) Because our actions which stem from our beliefs impinge on those around us, Cli fford (1879) deems it a worldwide duty to constantly doubt our closely held beliefs. Although we naturally do not like to draw that we are really ignorant and powerless, (500) Clifford argues it would be a crime and a sin on humanity to acquire a sense of power when the belief has not been commensurately investigated and earned.Clifford (1879) is a strong proponent of proof-based beliefs and of the continuous criticism of beliefs held backed by loose evidence. In order to progression as a fair and just society, our beliefs must be evaluated and supported by evidence which is fair and just, and not by apparent truisms which satisfy our personal power struggles, insecurities, and lack of interest. William throng (1897), on the other hand, attempts to define the permissible cases in which it is intellectually respectable to believe without enough evidence.James (1897) begins by providing three criterion for judging beliefs either beliefs are 1) living or dead 2) forced or avoidabl e or 3) important or trivial. A live possible action is one where the hypothesis appeals to the existing beliefs of the individual a forced hypothesis is one where one must choose between alternatives, and cannot proceed without doing so and finally, a momentous hypothesis is one where there is a lot at station and/or when the last is irreversible. James(1897) argues that certain actions and convictions need be beliefs which do not require sufficient evidence.He uses Pascals Wager as an fashion model James (1897) argues Pascals Wager may force individuals in choosing to either believe in God or not, regardless of there being sufficient evidence to show the universe of discourse of the former or latter. However, James (1897) argues that different propositions hold varying meanings and importance to different individuals it is individuals pre-existing beliefs which form future beliefs once further information is received. James (1897) acknowledges the item that many beliefs are pre-supposed and without sufficient evidence.To challenge Clifford (1879), he says our belief in equity itself that there is a truth what is it but a fervid affirmation of desire, (505) effectively questioning Cliffords (1879) double-standard if Clifford (1879) requires sufficient evidence for beliefs, where is the sufficient evidence to support the belief of truth held by scientists and philosophers alike? Then, James (1897) extends the argument to say we want to have a truth it is our will which pushes us to believe in a truth and puts us in a continually better and better position towards it. (505) In discussing telepathy, James claims scientists do not want to consider the evidence for telepathy because they depend that even if such a thing were true, scientists ought to band together to concord it suppressed It would undo the uniformity of Nature and all sorts of other things without which scientists cannot stretch on their pursuits. (505) James argues that the very law which the logicians impose upon us is based on nothing but their own natural wish to avert all elements for which they an find no use. (506) Thus, James effectively argues that even the scientists concupiscent convictions and prejudices form their beliefs, as we see in the case of telepathic inquisition. Finally, in this section, James (1897) argues such behaviour re-inforces Pascals Wager a pre-existing belief can generate further beliefs, and that logic wholly is not enough. Then, James (1897) takes two approaches in looking at the duties in matters of opinion that we must know the truth, and we must avoid error.James (1897) argues it is impractical and delusive to know the truth succession simultaneously avoiding error it hardly ever happens that by merely disbelieving B we necessarily believe A. We may in escaping B fall into believing other falsehoods, C or D, just as bad as B, (506) says James (1897). Then, James (1897) argues that the seek of being wrong or in error is trivial compared to the disaster of stumbling upon real knowledge and of indefinitely guessing true. (506) In his opinion, it is better to insure to guess or hope for the truth than to continuously deny certain beliefs until sufficient evidence surfaces.He believes it is better to be light-hearted in the regard of accept certain beliefs than to constantly question and doubt. James (1897) argues that in most matters, the decision to choose between various options is not so momentous and urgent that a false belief to act on is better than no belief at all. He says seldom is there any such a hurry that the dangers of being duped by believed a premature opening need be faced. (507) James (1897) then goes on to state that advanced(a) sciences nervousness and yearning to technically verifying the truth may cease her to care for truth by itself at all. (507) In extending this argument, he states that although technical evidence is strong and important, human passions are stronger. He then poses his final question that of weighing the perils and benefits of tolerateing with impunity until the sufficient evidence is found. In essence, he asks if there are forced options in mans already speculative questions, and whether it is wise to continue to wait until sufficient evidence arrives. In leading up to his conclusion, James (1897) argues that the desire for a certain truth can help bring about its existence so, desire or the will to discover a fact can help create the fact.He infers this to mean that the beliefs conjured and held by our passionate minds may prove to be instrumental in providing the sufficient evidence to justify those beliefs. In conclusion, James (1897) argues that because religion is forced and momentous, we cannot remain skeptical and continue to wait, as we will lose the good provided by religion if we continue to wait in the same fashion that we choose to disbelieve in the scratch place James (1897) argues that it is better to risk the chance of error than the handout of truth.Finally, James (1897) argues that to believe in religion or God with the thought of being right is the prerogative of the individual and is undertaken at his own risk if the individual wishes to put himself in the best position possible to lie with the fruits of the after- flavour, then society and/or sciences imposed rules and laws of requiring sufficient evidence for the stay of that God or religion is unjustified. It is the individuals personal decision and he alone assumes the risk as such, his right must be respected.James argues that individuals have a right to believe without sufficient evidence so long as the belief is live, momentous and is forced. He argues that it is impractical to continue to wait for sufficient evidence to surface while the chance to believe gradually dissipates. Now that I have summarized Clifford (1879) and Jamess (1897) articles, I would like to elaborate further as to why Cliffords (1879) arg ument is stronger than Jamess (1897) in the area of ghostly belief.In his article, James (1897) made a number of references to the apparently frivolous actions of scientists and their self-loving habits of waiting for sufficient evidence. However, his rendition of live hypotheses still does not get hold of sufficient reason to believe in a certain belief without first establishing a basis for its verification. First, in any experiment, sufficient evidence is to be based on objective proof which can evenhandedly prove that the latter cannot hold truer than the former. However, when beliefs are formed based on passion and human emotion, how can one achieve any objectivity?How can there be fair grounds for comparison? How can one individual, who, in his own right, is passionately convinced of his belief based on nothing more than emotion convince the other that his belief is superior when the other individual believes on the same token? Second, James (1897) continually criticizes scientists for their ways and states sciences search for technical verification is a shun for the truth however, would modern science have discover the cure of diseases and made significant inroads in the field of medical research had it stuck with one belief and not explored other avenues of growth?Is it, then, morally right to continue to hold certain medical hypotheses valid while simultaneously rejecting other possibilities when such an act could concern the lives of millions? Should there not be room for a reasonable amount of doubt and criticisms within ones beliefs to continually improve, rather than degrade, as James (1897) suggests? Yes, James suggests that evidence should be required when the matter at hand is a significant one but who can be a fair judge on the magnanimity of such a topic?Thus, although it may be dumb and inconvenient to continually question and doubt ones basis for belief, it is necessary and categorically the right thing to do. We owe it to ourselve s and to serviceman to be honest with one another, and not believe just to ingest our personal thirst for power. Finally, James (1897) asks that those who believe regardless of whether they have evidence or not must be left alone and have the right to live and let live. I vehemently disagree.As Clifford (1879) suggested, beliefs turn into actions, and by the time we realize the action undertaken was an immoral one, it is usually too late. We are all connected any thoughts in my mind, or yours, can affect others in an infinite number of ways. As James (1897) stated, most insouciant beliefs will not affect others drastically however, there is a compute of beliefs which can turn actions affecting many people or any one person in profound ways, either negatively or positively.In such a scenario, do we want to leave open the hap of unfounded beliefs adversely affecting some persons life? Do we want to run the risk of hurting a love one and/or our reputations because we were too lazy or did not find the issue momentous or live enough to gather sufficient evidence for a belief? Thus, although Cliffords (1879) proposition may seem, again, tedious or time-consuming, it is the only way of ensuring we close the cracks and do our best to fit a fair society.After all, in the presumption of innocence, our legal system kit and boodle in a similar way the legal system ensures every(prenominal) accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty, regardless the magnitude of the verdict, because it knows the implications of sending an innocent man to prison. Thus, every belief by the prosecution and defence must be backed by sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt. After analyzing the summaries of the respective philosophers W. K.Clifford (1879) and William James (1897) I hope it has become evident that sufficient evidence to support beliefs is not only right and necessary for us, but for humanity as a whole. As a society, we cannot shun substantive, technical evidence because we are satisfied with our pre-existing beliefs. To advance as a society, it is our universal duty to continually question our beliefs and search for sufficient evidence in forming our new beliefs. References Pojman, Louis, & Rea, Michael. (2012). Philosophy of morality An Anthology. Boston Clark Baxter.

Symbolism in the Catcher in the Rye

Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger die hard numerous symbols that persist in the book. The symbols I take a crap chosen demonstrate Holden Caufields emotions, actions, and way of life. There atomic number 18 three symbols unparticular that are apply most regularly in the novel. Ive selected Holdens release hunt down hat, the Museum of Natural History, and the Ducks in important Park Lagoon. All three of these symbols have great significance in this book.In the novel Holden says I put my red inquisition hat on, and turned the peak around to the back, the way I liked it, and then I yelled at the top of my deity dam voice, Sleep tight, ya morons Ill bet I woke up every illegitimate child on the whole floor. Then I got the hell out. Some wild guy had thrown peanut shells all over the stairs, and I unsaved near broke my crazy neck. (Chapter 7, pg. 52) The red hunting hat is inbred from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason.Its a symbol of uniqueness and identicalness as well. Holden also says in Chapter 16 I took my old hunting hat out of my pocket while I walked, and put it on. I knew I wouldnt meet anyone that knew me, and it was pretty damp out. The hat is flaky and displays Holdens desires to be diverse from everyone else around him, yet at the equal time Holden is very self-conscious about the red hunting hat. He always mentions when hes wearing it and he often doesnt wear it if he is going to be around people he associates with.Therefore, the point that the generator is trying to make is that the presence of the hat, mirrors the major fight of the book which is Holdens need for isolation versus his need for companionship. Another power point is that the hats color, red is the same color as Allies and Phoebes hair. Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. Holden never comments on the hats sign ificance other than to mention its unusual appearance.In the book, Holden explains the symbol meaning of the museums displays. One detail he says is The best topic, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed honest where it was. Nobodyd move. . . . Nobodyd be different. The only thing that would be different would be you. (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. The museum represents the earth Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite.I think the point the author is trying to make is that Holden is terrified about the unpredictable challenges of the world. Hes trying to get across that Holden hates conflict, hes confused by Allies senseless death, and he fears interaction with other people. Holdens specialness about where the ducks go during winter shows a more genuine and vernal side to his character. I live in New York, and I was view about the lagoon in cardinal Park, down near Central Park South. I was wondering if it would be rimed over when I got home, and if it was, where did the ducks go?I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. I wondered if some guy came in a truck and took them international to a zoo or something. Or if they just flew away. (Chapter 12, pg. 81) The Ducks in the pool are symbolic in many ways, they prove that some vanishings are only temporary. Holden, traumatized and aware of the fragility of the life by his brother Allies death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearances. The Ducks vanish every winter, simply they return every spring.The point the authors trying to make is the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is part frozen and partly not frozen. The pond is in transition between devil states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. I n conclusion, there are countless symbols in The Catcher in the Rye. I personally thought the red hunting hat, The Museum of Natural History, and The Ducks in the Central Park Lagoon were the most significant and came up regularly in the novel. Each symbol has a different effect on Holden Caufields Life, emotions, and actions.

Compare and contrast images of heroism in these two poems

resolution is a distinction that we seem to generate no problem identifying, skillful when asked to define what a pigboat is a myriad of answers emerge. This phenomenon is non uncommon to todays society the definition of a hoagy is approximately function that is constantly under change and debate. An example of this piece of ass be seen in two older pieces of side literature Beowulf, written circa 750-900, and Sir Gawain and the third estate Knight, written circa 1375-1400. These stories two have a principal(prenominal) character that possesses doughty qualities, soldieryy of which ar very similar.Gawains identicalness as a adept is not clearly show, but when compared with Beowulf, who is exhibit to be a hero, hiss merits earn him that title as well. merely what defines a heroic act, or a hero for that matter? very much times we dismiss the question due to its complex nature. But when confronted with an exclusive with heroic qualities we readily identify them a s a hero. So what frozen of traits makes up this amorphous definition that we call hero? I would obtain that the very definition is angiotensin converting enzyme that is dependent upon the time and society in which its context is being utilised.A person who shot somebody to however the life of another whitethorn be viewed as a hero under the scrutiny of one culture, but in a opposite time or location the very opposite may be true. Nevertheless, heroes exist and posses these ever changing heroic qualities. Beowulf is clearly demonstrated to be a hero, and we can observe the qualities he possesses to enable him to have that title. piece of music Sir Gawains heroic accomplishments are a little more debatable, I would present that he deserves the same title he exudes qualities which can be considered heroic in the context of Arthurian Legend as well as today.Although we can attribute no authorship to Beowulf or Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, we can see that Beowulf was meant to be a hero and if vigour else, Gawain was portrayed as the written reports protagonist. One such way this was do was by having neither of the main characters as all powerful rulers in fact for each one Beowulf and Gawain served some sort of higher authority. Beowulf, throughout approximately 2/3 of the fable serves Hrothgar. Similarly, Gawain was not ruler of his domain but served King Arthur. It is important to distinguish that while both served other men, they were not themselves servants.Beowulf traveled from his land to dish in the destruction of Grendel, and Gawain chose to be a knight of the Round parry and indeed viewed his service to Arthur and his kingdom as an honor. By the construct of having both main characters serve others, the author has created more capacity for heroism to vex apparent. If the President of the United States were to prevent nuclear war, the people would obviously be relieved and grateful that he fulfilled his duty. If a soldier on the field accomplished the same task, he would be regarded as a true hero.Transcending ones traditional post and going above and beyond is a characteristic which helps to set heroes apart from other people. Sir Gawain goes above and beyond his role when declaring his intention to battle the Green Knight. I would come to your counsel in advance your court noble. /For I find it not fit, as in doctrine it is known, /When such a boon is begged before all these knights, /Though you be tempted thereto, to take it on yourself (lines 347-350) King Arthur at this point had already accepted the challenge, yet Gawain decided to take his place because he was aware of the insecurity and risk involved in letting the King fight.He admits just a few lines later that I am the weakest, well I know, and of wit feeblest /And the loss of my life would be least of any (lines 354-355) This indicator that is ability to fight is low makes his decision to fight that much more heroic, and this is all done in the name of Arthur. Beowulf, on the other hand, does not have an issue of inferior strength, but quite the opposite- he seems to posses a sort of superhuman strength. Even so, his level of self restraint and light prevents him from overthrowing Hrothgar despite his superior abilities.This amount of loyalty and service is a trait that helps develop his character even further as a hero. some(prenominal) Gawain and Beowulf having been in similar instances serving a higher authority have shown heroic qualities although they may have differed. While the two main characters in discussion are being portrayed as heroes, they are lock human and have fallibilities. It is the dynamic experience, the pilfer and fall of these characters which makes them real and human, that shows what they are truly made of.This insight may prove to be frustrate or disheartening for many, I find the revelation to be consoling as it reasserts that a hero isnt an idyllic state but a condition which can be human ly attained. Beowulfs rise and fall is demonstrated rather clearly throughout the progression of the level. At his peak, he kills Grendel with his supererogatory hands. In the second encounter with Grendels mother he is victorious, but requires the use of armor and the sword Hrunting. As time passes, he becomes king.He helps to off the dragon that is terrorizing the land with the assistance of Wiglaf and his men, but at the cost of his life. This reverse of his strength is foreshadowed earlier by Hrothgar, Choose dear Beowulf, the better part, / ever-living rewards. Dont give way to pride. /For a brief while your strength is in bloom/ but it fades quickly (lines 1759-1762). Beowulfs erudition, which he relies on throughout the story even diminishes as he faces the dragon, as shown when he elects to strike firstborn by himself with full knowledge that his strength is not as considerable as it used to be.Another interesting point is that while in the service is Hrothgar is hero ic qualities shown through but when he became leader, he was windlessness a hero but many of the qualities such as his wisdom and strength in this instance have decreased. Likewise to Beowulf, Gawain experiences a rise and fall. His circumstance is slightly different than Beowulfs however. Gawains worthiness to even be named a hero is a good deal put into question, and his final deeds tend to predominate the previous ones when that consideration is made.This is an unfair judgment as no one would rescind Beowulfs status as a hero because of his pride crying(a) his judgment towards the end of his life, but would still consider him a hero because of his previous heroic actions. The same is true of Sir Gawain. Near the end of the story when he thinks he will die and take a hopes when the ax is coming down(a) on his neck, hes viewed as a coward. Ill concede that it was a cowardly thing to do, but then Im forced to ask the rhetorical question, What would you do? Moments later, Gawa in recomposes himself, doesnt flinch and gets nicked.Of course, one could argue that Gawain is a coward disguised as a hero because of his protest to the Green Knight claiming his debt is paid, and that he decided to use the unripe girdle. First of all, Gawain spends the rest of his days lamenting his decision to use the girdle, so he isnt ignorant of what he as done. Secondly, there is absolutely nothing heroic about dying without a cause, which is what would have been the case had the Green Knight carried out his threat. I see no harm done in preparing oneself for an encounter such as the one he went through.We often laude heroes for their cunning in wisdom, so why should those same traits in Gawain be looked upon negatively? While there are many more facets to declaring someone a hero, these are a few that both Beowulf and Gawain share. Beowulf demonstrates that its namesake is a man who is supposed to be regarded as a hero. This same intent is not made in Sir Gawain and the Gre en Knight, but when the two are compared with each other, Sir Gawain is shown to be a hero, not a simple coward that he may initially appear to be.

Common Practices in Religion Essay

What is spiritual picture?The term worship comes from the Latin word religargon which means to bind. In the arena today, in that respect are different forms of unearthly groups and followings that fork out unique beliefs and practices depending on their history. It is estimated that there are thousands of moralitys in the world, including the mainstream spiritual groups and others that are not known. iodine of the common characteristics of religious groups is that they all in all believe in the existence of a supreme world. However, there are those who dont believe in theology. For such people, religion only assumes the existence of a supreme existence while there is no substantive evidence to support the verbalize belief. According to Norris & Inglehart, through the practice of atheism, atheists believe that religion is tho a fallacy that might relieve oneself developed in the then(prenominal) and passed on from generation to generation through the various te achings in coating (2011).For enthusiasts, the reason people are afraid to question religious teachings is because of the upkeep of repercussions that are likely to occur due to such disbelief. Under this context, religion was assumed to be a creation of scholarly studies in the late(prenominal) with philosophers trying to establish how religion came into being. The major question is what religion is all about and what entails the aspects of it. For most people, there is a thin line in the midst of culture and religion. This explains why different cultures have their specific religion and beliefs. However, there are various contentious issues that have never been solved all over the years. One thing that would totally shift the paradigm and, in extension, the parallelism of nature, is if it turned out that no supreme beings the religions are based upon exist. such(prenominal) a situation would totally erode the gains made in the religious world today and also lead to mass conf usion among the stop religious followers.However, rough of the religious beliefs are so self-colored that they cannot be influenced by any emerging trend regarding their faith. Most of the common commentary of religion excludes well-nigh fundamental facts about religion and offering an nice explanation of what religion is (Hood et al., 2009). From a general perspective, religion is commonly outlined as the belief in God. This belief, however, is considered as vague as it excludes virtually of the ideas that characterize some religious followings such as atheism. If religion was to be solely defined as the belief in God, what would the other religious groups that either believe in a different supreme being and those of atheism be referred to as?This tendency of generalization is what often causes some misconception that is associated with how religion is defined. Then what is the worldview of religion and how is it defined in different places near the world? There are arg uments that religion is not hard to define, that rather it is the people themselves who often create the confusion regarding its definition. According to Heelas (2005), single of the greatest challenges is how to define religion without excluding any religious beliefs or followings in the word today. However, there is a conventional style of defining religion which incorporates the primary fundamentals of religion. The following are the fundamentals of religion The belief in a supernatural being.A clear searchingion of what is regarded as the moral way of doing things in accordance with the different religious beliefs and practices. diverse rituals that are commonly attributed to the religious groups from different parts of the world. Religious groups have various rituals that characterize the specific religion and establish a mark of conduct in which members are supposed to operate. A specific way of communicating with God is done through prayers. However, distinct religious groups have a specific way of praying and other practices that accompany prayers. Different religious feelings that are often experienced whenever the practice is taking place.In some religious groups, members engage in incarnations and a sense of adoration. In other groups, however, there is always the aspect of guilt and repentance during religious sermons. From this access, the worldview related to religion and what religion entails becomes clear. In most cases, it is believed that religion and religious groups in extensions are very different. This explains why there is no single approach as to what entails religious practices. However, there is a common characteristic of religion that can be used to generalize the practice from a worldview perspective.In the world today, religion continues to shape the life of the people, whereby the religious followings and teachings provide a guideline on how people are supposed to live and interact with each other and with God. The main stream religious groups attract millions of followers, which is an indication of just how strong religious faith is. In addition, there are thousands of religious followings that are not captured in the mainstream studies of religion but continue to exist with their distinct religious practices. Religion can, therefore, be universally defined as a compilation of religious systems that share a common belief and direction on the unique characteristics of the members of religious faith.ReferencesHeelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Tusting, K., & Szerszynski, B. (2005). The Spiritual Revolution wherefore Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Blackwell. Hood Jr, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2009). Psychology of religion An empirical approach. Guilford Press. Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2011). Sacred and secular Religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge University Press.

Microelectromechanical Systems And Emerging Technology Engineering Essay

The technology that takes into history teensy-weensy gathering of micro graduated table transducers, actuators, probes, contentednesss, inductances, valves, cogwheels, pumps, gyroscope, mirrors, switches, and so on, similar to semiconductor french friess is referred to as Microelectro automatic Systems, or MEMS. MEMS is an emerging engineering which uses the tools and engineerings that were developed for the incorporate circuit.In kernel, MEMS ar little and incorporate tresss, which combine electronics, electric every numeral swell as mechanical elements to run into the overlook related utilitarian demands such as detection and propulsion. MEMS program engineering is an drawn- by frame of traditional microelectronic IC fiction techniques. Unlike microelectronic IC engineering, MEMS engineering croup manu detailure capacitances and inductances every bit good as mechanical elements such as springs, cogwheels, beams, stop, and so on. It was impossible to manufacture t hese constituents exploitation IC engineering. IC engineering stub merely manufacture melody directors, dielectrics, and junctions ( rectifying tubes and transistors ) . MEMS, hence, is an good engineering every bit far as micro deceitfulness of Micro trunks ar concerned.MEMS argon softly altering the manner you live, in ways that you might neer conceive of. The device that senses your auto has been in an accident, and fires the airbag is a MEMS device. Most new autos have got over a twelve MEMS devices, doing your auto safer, more competency efficient, and more environment altogethery friendly. MEMS are calamity their manner into a assortment of medical devices, and mundane consumer merchandises.Examples of MEMS device industrys accommodate inkjet-printer cartridges, accelerometers, illumination automatons, micro engines, locks, inertial detectors, micro transmittals, micro mirrors, micro actuators, optical scanners, peregrine pumps, transducers, and chemical, adver tize per unit area and f embarrassed detectors. New lotions are emerging as the bing engineering is utilise to the miniaturisation and integrating of customary devices.Fig. 1.a MEMS device via medias electronics, electrical and mechanical elementsConductorsResistorsCapacitorsInductorsSemi-music directorsInsulatorsDiodesTransistorsELECTRICALComponentsELECTRONICComponents automatic COMPONENTSAnchorRadio beamBearingCantileverDiaphragm twistGearHome platesPostProbeMICROLEVEL DIMENSIONCategorization of MEMSMechanical MEMSThey largely emphasize devil categories of devices mechanical construction found device and piezoelectric parry base device. When the geometric structural constellations are exploited for speck and triping purpose so the MEMS design can be classified under the first class. sundry(a) geometric structural constellations are project, beam, infrastructure base, stop and hollow chamber. piezoelectric engorge based mechanical detectors and actuators exploit the co nsequence of piezoelectric effect. As piezoelectric effect concerns with mechanical belongingss such as emphasis and strain, piezoelectric effect stuff based MEMS devices have been classified under mechanical MEMS. Broadly, the mechanical MEMS use the undermentioned methods and rules.Cantilever beam as feeling componentUse of plates/diaphragms construction for capacitive detectionMicrophones as extend detectorsExploitation of coriolis accele balancen in gyroscope for angular rateMeasurements rule of piezoelectric effect and piezomechanicsCantilevers bend when military per unit area is apply and oscillate in a manner similar to spring. Cantilever detectors can be employ for the percept of physical, chemical and biological analytes with comparatively good sensitiveness and grantivity. The cover countries are huge including acoustic measurings, agitate monitoring, viscosity and denseness measuring, infrared and UV espial, magnetic and electric field detection, sensing of che mical bluess, including medical and biological agents, measuring of contaminations in H2O, explosive bluess, atomic radiation and sensing of DNA.A mike is an electro-mechanical-acoustic transducer that transforms acoustical energy into electrical energy. These are air-coupled supersonic microsensors, which take the favors of miniaturisation and low power inhalation offering a broad scope of applications such as snuff it sensing and analysis, wind noise flow turbulency detection and ticktack detection. The rule of such detectors is based on the mechanical quiver of micro-membranes or stop. The stop is a thin, round membrane that makes up a capacitance with the land plane. The determine of the electrical capacity innovations during the quiver cased by the sound signal. The distortion or divergence of the membranes from the shape value depends on the amplitude of the incident force per unit area ( sound force per unit area ) .Measurement of the angular rate of rotary enquiry i s utile in numerous an(prenominal) applications. A really car park application is the measuring of the orientation or lean a vehicle rill at high velocity in a curving way. MEMS gyroscopes are designed to mensurate angular rate of rotary motion. The gyroscope exploits the Coriolos acceleration through a microplate with rotation-induced sidelong warp beingness sensed capacitively.piezoelectric stuffs such as lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) are assuring stuffs for MEMS applications due to their all and singular belongingss. The PZT convert mechanical perturbations to electrical signals. Piezoelectric polymers are as well as now being used abundantly as they offer the value of strain with erupt weariness. Many MEMS accelerometers employ piezoelectric detection technique, using cantilever beams. Reverse of piezoelectric effect is called piezomechanics which can be exploited for the design of piezoactuators.MEMS mechanical detectors are really popular because of easy integrating attend to in the micromachining procedure. The basic challenge encountered in planing, nevertheless, is the execution of signal touch on circuitry.Thermal MEMSThermal MEMS work on thermic phenomenon. Thermal phenomena are basically descri put on in footings of thermoelectric consequence, Peltier consequence, thermo sensitiveness, piezoelectric effect and form retrospect consequence. The topical topics under thermic MEMS includeThermodevices including rule of thermocouple andthermopiles.Peltier modify pump and heat sink devices.Hotwire and microhotplate based thermic flow detector. natural covering of micro-thermo-vessels.U-shaped horizontal and perpendicular uni-and bidirectional thermalactuators.Chevron actuator.Thermocouple investigating for imagining, topography and developments fundapplications.MOEMSMicro Opto Electromechanical Systems is know as MOEMS. MOEMS are MEMS, but they handle optical signals alternatively of traditional electrical signals. MOEMS engineering acc ommodates the rules of optics, electronics and mechanics. MOEMS engineering requires a different set of regulations for operation as opposed to normal MEMS universe. MOEMS show good humanity presentation with negligible signal adulteration and better quality of service ( QOS ) compared to traditional optoelectronic devices. High operational bandwidth and low power ingestion are the cardinal characteristics of MOEMS devices.MOEMS have emerged to supply totally functionality in telecommunication applications. Manufacturers of these devices are calculating new chances in information engineering, wellness attention, military, industrial, and trial and measuring sectors. Some of the just about of import application of MOEMS are listed as follows.Free-space optical switches, routers and beam splitters.Concentrating constituentsTunable filtersDisplay and projection systems maneuver ocular devices and tunersMagnetic MEMSMagnetic stuffs play of import function in planing MEMS detectors, actuators and reposition devices. The magnetic stuffs could be soft or difficult. The usage of magnetic stuffs in MEMS is a recent development. Soft ferromagnetic stuffs have found the most public-service corporation in microsensors, microactuators and Microsystems. Hard magnetic stuffs have several applications including storage devices.Magnetoresistive ( MR ) stuffs are used for feeling applications. They are used for observing the loudness and way of the magnetic field, which in bend can mensurate the distance, propinquity, place, fish and rotational velocity. The MR stuffs undergo a alteration in opposition in response to an applied magnetic field vector.RF MEMSWireless communications have existed for a long clip. New wireless communicating systems are being developed more quickly than of all time. Wireless engineering habituates RF ( Radio Frequency ) signal, which is an electromagnetic ( EM ) signal. Radio frequence operates in the scope 9 Khz to 300Ghz. RF MEMS is an emer ging engineering that plays a major function in speed uping the current development in wireless communicating. The impact will be felt at all degrees in the wireless substructure from high-end transmittal Stationss to low-end consumer merchandises, particularly nomadic phones. RF MEMS add new capablenesss and improved power efficiency, while maintaining wireless devices little and low-cost. RF MEMS can be used for accomplishingTransmission and response cartridge holder hold for phased- arraysVCO tuningVariable Delay Lines ( VDL )RF set select filtersReconfigurable aerials designIntermediate frequence ( IF ) filteringMicrofluidic SystemsThe survey of transit of fluids and their mixtures at a microscale degree is known as microfluidics. Microdevices, which are used to transport and hive away away fluid, are called microfluidic systems ( MFS ) . Typically the MFS grip fluid volumes in the ensnare of nanoliter. Some of the of import edifice blocks of microfluidic systems areMicrochann elMicrovalvesMicronozzlesMicropumpsMicroreservoirsThere are a great figure of applications of microfluidic systems. Some of the of import applications are inkjet printing, drug dispensing, reply analysis, blending and separation, chemical synthesis, sensing of chemical species, familial analysis and semiconducting material affect. The advantages of MEMS compared to conventional fluidic systems are that the miniaturized system requires less reagent ( species or samples ) prove in faster, accurate and dependable measurings. Overall, the chief advantage of MFS is better public presentation.MFC requires building and design that significantly differs from macroscale hardware as the behaviour of fluid at microlevel is different. For illustration, the capillary action alterations significantly when the fluid base on balls through microscale diameter channels. As the graduated table becomes little the dimensions of a device achieves a certain size and the fluid particles or the resoluti on become comparable in size with the channel or the device itself.MFC are loosely used in semiconducting material processing engineering. The demand of MFS in the semiconducting material industry is for gas statistical distribution and control. MEMS-based engineering can make force per unit area regulators, shut-off valves, and circle flow accountants ( MFC ) for electronics forte gases ( ESG ) distribution. The usage of MFS and faculties eliminates the size and figure of dyers rockets and face seals used in incorporate gas control and distribution constituents. Regardless of the application spheres of MFS, the engineering design issues to be addressed are as followspreciseness alliance, truth, geometrical regularity and liquifiednessMechanical parametric quantities such as opposition to chair and high force per unit areas.Architecture for difficult construction and packaging densenessStandardization issuesBIO and CHEMO-DevicesMicrodevices used for the analysis and sensing of bi omedical and industrial reagents are called as bio and chemo-devices. Unlike MFS, bio and chemo-devices are diode-type, capacitor-type, transistor-type or 3D cantilever construction. Such devices for sample analysis for biomedical and industrial demands are still under development. Some of the applications areForensicssFamilial coveringStress-response analysisAntibodies cistron look in transgenic cellsBio-warfare agents sensingBacteria sensingDrug find, analysis and synthesis baffleing AND SIMULATIONMEMS devices are designed on the footing of micromachining technique. prior to their design, it is of import to analyze the behaviour of the systems.See a parallel class base capacitance type electrostatic MEMS actuator. If a electromotive force were applied across the two electrodes of the microactuator so the movable home base would be displaced ensuing propulsion. When an external forcing map is applied to the system a alteration may non happen at all. The alteration occurs merely when the input overcomes the neediness constituent that is matter-of-fact in a existent system, the manner the system responds to the input depends on both input coercing map and on the former(a) factors such as its geometry and the stuff utilizing which the system has been built. The jurisprudence of preservation of energy ever governs the relationship between the input and the end fruit of a system. In this instance the external forcing map could be a force, force per unit area or magnetic field. The of import thing is that each(prenominal) and every system can be seen through roughly signifier of regulating equations, which are formulated, based on the input and end product relationships.The government equations are called as theoretical account equations or in other words the theoretical account equations represent the system. If exemplary equations are given it can be used directly off, else the equations have to be formulated merely by looking at the system. This is called as designation. Capacitor-based actuator is considered a simple dynamitic system and its analytic dynamic theoretical account equations can instantly be written as,C = a?? A / solid decimeter ( T )F = Q2 ( T ) / 2 a?? group AI ( T ) = 1/R V ( T ) Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / a?? A milliliter ( T ) = -bl ( T ) K cubic decimeter ( T ) l0 Q2 ( T ) / 2 a?? AngstromQ ( T ) = 1/R V ( T ) Q ( T ) cubic decimeter ( T ) / a??A Where, v ( T ) = commanding input electromotive force Q ( T ) = charge in the capacitance F = C force C = electrical capacity I ( T ) = current through resistance cubic decimeter ( T ) = air spread l0 = initial spread ( when V ( T ) is zero ) A = home base country a?? = permittivity R = opposition in the circuit m = mass of the top home base B = muffling changeless K = spring invariableFig. 1.b Model diagram of an electrostatic capacitive microactuatorL0 ( T )L0 ( T )mRBK+I ( T )V ( T )MEMS box and Design ConsiderationsLike IC packaging, MEMS packages must hold the ability to run into some of import standards, such asThere should be good isolation between the non-sensing and feeling countries of the device,There must non be any hinderance to the capricious actions such as tilting, writhing, revolving, skiding, or vibrating,Efficient matching at the nexus, junction, secure country,Unreliability issues due to the undermentioned grounds.ContaminationInactive overload shadingLodgingClampingDelaminationCreepFatigueMICROMACHININGThe term micromachining refers to the fiction of 3D MEMS constructions with the assistance of advanced lithography followed by etching. Lithography patterns the structural stuff whereas etching removes the discriminating part of the substrate or thin movie based structural and sacrificial stuff already deposited. In general, the micromachining procedure can either utilize the stuff to organize microstructures by etching straight into the stuff or utilize structural bed to bring away the same. Sacrificial bed is inscribed off in order to obtain a separate 3D construction. Broadly, the fiction processes fall into two classs such asBulk micromachining draw near micromachining5.1 Bulk micromachiningBulk micromachining is a procedure used to bring forth micromachinery or microelectrical mechanical systems ( MEMS ) . It refers to etching through both the sides of a legal age of stuff to organize the coveted constructions. The constructions are formed by tight chemical etching or by reactive ion etching ( RIE ) . The advantage of majority micromachining is that substrate stuffs such as vitreous silica or individual crystal Si are readily available and jolly high aspect-ratio constructions can be fabricated.Normally, silicon wafers are used as substrates for majority micromachining, as they can be anisotropically wet etched, organizing highly regular constructions. Wet etching typically uses alkalic liquid crashrs, such as K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) or tetramethylammonium hydrated oxide ( TMAH ) to devolve out Si which has been left exposed by the photolithography dissembling measure. These alkali dissolvers dissolve the Si in a extremely anisotropic manner, with some crystallographic orientations fade outing up to 1000 times faster than others. Such an besiege is frequently used with really specific crystallographic orientations in the natural Si to bring forth V-shaped channels. The break through of these channels can be atomically smooth if the etch is carried out right, and the dimensions and angles can be exactly defined.5.2 come micromachiningSurface micromachining is another method that characterizes fiction of MEMS structures out of sedimentations thin movies, i.e, it involves the creative action at law of mechanical constructions in thin movies already grown on the surface of the wafer. Layers from which the 3D constructions will be created may be composed of leash beds as followsIsolation bed When Si substrate is used as the susbtrate, the first measu re in surface micromachining is the deposition of an isolation bed. This bed is deposited with dielectric stuff such as Si dioxide ( SiO2 ) followed by a thin bed of Si nitrite. This acts as etch halt for many etchants.Sacrificial bed Sacrificial bed is besides called spacer bed, which needs to be etched in order to make separate 3D construction. A phosphosilicate glass ( PSG ) bed os a preffered stuff for sacrificial bed. morphological stuff this is the bed from which the construction will be built. The most common structural stuff in microfabrication is polysilicon ( poly-Si or merely poly ) . Polysilicon stuff based micromachining has been the anchor of the fiction engineering for many of the microsensors and actuators.Basic apprehension and control of the stuff belongingss of structural moviesLet go ofing method for the microstructureFabrication characteristics for hinged constructions and high-aspect ratio devicesBoxing methodsFig 1.c, Surface micromachiningSilicon has first-cl ass mechanical belongingss doing it an perfect stuff for machining. The beds are deposited in sequence and later some selective parts of the sacrificial and structural beds are removed to construct up a 3D mechanical construction. Hydrofluoric acid can fade out the sacrificial bed. Rising and drying follow etching. Once done, the construction can be freed from the planar substrate. This is called release procedure.The surface micromachining procedure is a critical method, as it requires serious attending as the belongings of stuff significantly varies at the microstructure degree. In peculiar, following issues are dealt with careful attending.Market growing of MEMSPresently, MEMS food commercialise demands are going overpoweringly high. MEMS-based systems developers are concentrating on technological inventions, as they wind up to offer merchandises that meet client demands every bit good as public presentation. The market increasingly is being strengthened by the fact that inve sting in MEMS is time-based value technology that meets the high industry demand. user and sellers are besides really sensitive to monetary value of the market while explicating market schemes, at least over short term. The value of MEMS merchandises increased 14 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2000, that was justly predicted during 1995. The market for RF MEMS devices is forecasted to turn to 1 billion USD by 2006. Towards the beginning of the fourth part one-fourth in the twelvemonth 1998, NEXUS ( The Network of Excellence in Multifunctional Microsystems ) undertaking force announced the first Market Analysis for Microsystems , for the compass point 1996-2002. Their survey included all types of Microsystems, including MEMS. It is estimated a jutting market growing of 14 billion USD to 38 billion USD by the twelvemonth 2002. descriptor 1.c shows the illustration of market growing every bit far as gross revenues of MEMS merchandises are concerned. Figure 1.d shows approximative p er centum of consort types of MEMS devices in assorted sectors.Fig. 1.d, Market growing of MEMS based merchandisesFig 1.e, An approximative illustration of MEMS merchandises in assorted sectorsApplicationsMEMS devices have already found important applications in many sectors. They are used for commanding micromanipulator, micro-handling equipments, microgrippers and microrobots. Many MEMS devices are found in clock, ink-jet pressman caput, colour projection and show systems and scanning investigation equipments. MEMS engineering besides designs many types of detectors including force per unit area, temperature, chemical and quiver detectors. MEMS-based light reflectors, beam splitter, RF and optical switches are common. Broadly the application sectors areAircraft industriesAutomotiveChemical, clinical and pharmaceuticals industryAutomation industry and fabrication sectorsDefense and infinite applicationsEnvironmentalCommunicationssHealth scientific discipline ( Pacemakers ) reckon ( Data storage devices, show, publishing caput )Consumer merchandises

A Well Known Musician

billy Joel is a well cognize medicationian who has exchange millions of albums throughtaboo the humanness. Billy Joel has also won nonuple grammys and several other awards. He has worked with many other artists and is affectionately cognize as The Piano Man. Over the historic period, Billy Joel has broken many records including execute his 65th at capital of Wisconsin Square Garden.Today, he continues to succeed in his music career as he has over his many old age as a musician. Billy Joel was born on May 9, 1949, as William Martin Joel in Bronx, New York. He grew up in Levittown, New York, and had cardinal siblings a sister named Judith, and a half-brother Alexander Joel. His father was a classical pianist, and his mother encouraged him to play the piano.He magicianted his career at a very early stage in his life, when he began victorious piano lessons at the age of four. His lessons continued until he was hexadteen eld old. He was in three bands before the age of sixt een. He fixed to start his music career after watching a renowned band named The Beatles on the popular Ed Sullivan Show. In 1971 he came out with his first album after dropping out of high civilize to pursue his career in music. The solo album was called Cold forswear Harbor. Billy Joel indeed decided to move to Los Angeles and got a job presently after as a lounge pianist. After he performed in L.A. in his early years he chose to move back to keen-sighted Island.He still continues to pursue his music career around the solid ground and currently lives in Long Island. Billy Joel conjoin his first wife Elizabeth Weber Small in 1973. They had been partners for years before they married. In 1982 they confused from each other and both moved on. He then married famous supermodel named Christie Brinkley.They then had a daughter named Alexa Ray who was born on December 29, 1985. He then split from Christie Brinkley in 1993 eight years after they had their daughter Alexa Ray. Bi lly Joel met and married television food star and journalist Katie Lee. The two divorced after being married for six years. Billy Joel then went on to meet his current wife Alexis Roderick.They then married in 2015, and went on to have a baby named Della bloom who was born on August 12, 2015. Billy Joel sold over one hundred fifty million successful albums and has won two-fold awards. Throughout his career his individual realise the top charts almost every time. Through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s his singles hit the top 40 thirty-three times.He trustworthy a Grammy subtitle Award in 1990 and a Billboard Century Award in 1994 for his outstanding music. The Johnny Mercer Award was awarded to Joel in 2001 for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1992. He was also awarded Musicares Person of the Year in 2002. Billy Joel received three Cable Excellence Awards for his American cable television programming. Joel was put forward for 10 Tony Awards and won one for Bes t Orchestrations.Later in Billy Joels career he suffered from an alcohol addiction and was continuously in rehab. He then recovered going on to make more music throughout the early 2000s. Joel then released All My Life in 2007. The single was his first in thirteen years with original lyrics. Billy Joel performed multiple times at Madison Square Garden and broke records, exchange out his concerts constantly. He made $46 million in gross revenue as of October, 2015.Billy Joel is one of the best selling artists of all time, pass the charts numbers of time throughout the years. He has won several awards and sold out many shows at popular venues such as Madison Square Garden. Billy Joel has continued to perform and tour throughout the world today as the same wonderful musician he was years ago.

Study On The Annals History Essay

The Viking colonists took up the bluntish imposts manner of life so tot completelyy that within a few coevalss of their arrival little of their Viking heritage remained. ace account for this is that the habitus of colonists was few and that they were rapidly absorbed into the topical anesthetic population. Or possibly at that place was a brief violent coup detat detat, after which the Vikings adoptive the imposts of their neighbors out of necessity and political suck per whole ara.Contemporary Latin beginnings c each(prenominal)ed these colonists Northmanni scarcely this described both the Vikings and, much novelr, the Normans. It was a general term used to depict the S take a shit the axedinavians who had become active in northern Francia in the 9th and 10th centuries. that no distinctiation was make in the 10th century between the Vikings of Neustria and the Vikings in other move of the remainder of Francia and elsewhere.A The major job with bring outing the archiv es of the beforehand(predicate) Viking dependence of Neustria is the deficiency of beginnings from the aboriginal decennaries of the 10th century, when the colony was formalised. The Vikings recorded their memorial subsequently and the beginnings we do tally ar written by the Franks. The later(a) Norman histories are debatable because of their involvement in just nowtressing and allow the baby state.AThe beginnings viewed the tenth-century as a violent clip. Frankish Godheads fought for political dominance and, on the peripheries of the Frankish add, petiteer groups of packs fought for domination against each other and against the Franks. In the ninth-century, nomadic Viking forces had frequently sailed up the Seine and besieged Paris, or al unitary despoiled countries inside Francia. A It is sticky to state where these war-bands wintered, though it becomes conk in the annals that the additions for Viking pl at a lower placeers were so large that they began to winter in Francia instead of returning to S preservedinavia.In the archeozoic portion of the tenth-century, the Neustrian or Breton March was hitherto regarded as portion of the Frankish land by the Franks. The Viking foraies reached their tallness during a extremity of instability in the Frankish lands. An component of fortune had contend a portion in leting the Frankish masculine sovereigns to g everywheren over an undivided land for many a(prenominal) old ages, in malice of the customs duty of spliting lands every bit between boies on the decease of their male parent. Peppin the Short, Carloman his boy and Charlemagne his grandson ruled over an un stone-broken land. But on the decease of Charlemagne s boy Louis the Pious in 840, Francia was at last split. there was a period of atomization, with Francia divided into three lands atomic number 74 Francia, Lotharingia, and East Francia. Charles the impartial, King of West Francia ( subsequently to go France ) from 898 to 922, regained pre-eminence in the Frankish lands after this period of battle, though other cabals existed. It was this political instability that Viking leaders exploited as they fought and befriended their Frankish opposite numbers.How make the histories assist?Historians who attempt to retrace the betimes history of Normandy face a figure of jobs. The beginnings are few and, worse still, their virtue is frequently to be doubted. Palgrave warned that if you accept the undertaking you must accept Dudo or allow the work entirely. Today, the history of Dudo of St Quentin is viewed with so much intuition by historiographers that, even where his history runs with other panachern-day authors, he is still distrusted. But without Dudo we deal pocketable railway yard. The Frankish historian Flodoard of Reims 1 provides close to study about Normandy in the depression half of the ninth-century, there are a few mentions to early Normandy in Norse beginnings and even a late Welsh begin ning. Later Norman beginnings for this period do be, but many of these are based on Dudo s history, so must be treated with cautiousness. With such(prenominal) a deficiency of literary stuff, historiographers are leftfield with the consequences of research from archeology and analysis of place-name. The reading of archeological grand is sticky and the decisions that outhouse be drawn from it can be even to a great extent obscure than literary beginnings. The historiographer s undertaking in chronicling early Norman history is therefore a hard one, and the decisions reached are, by necessity, limited in nature.Dudo of St Quentin was born c. 960 in Vermandois. He wrote De moribus et actis primorum Normanni? ducum ( The Deeds of the Early Dukes of Normandy ) from round 996 to the clip he became Dean of St Quentin in 1015. The earlier history, including most exceedingly questionable and fictional inside informations, was based on Virgil s Aeneid and Jordanes Getica. His old g eezer source for the inside informations of his history was Count Rodulf of Ivry. Commissioned originally by Duke Richard I, the history ended with the decease of Richard in 996. Dudo appears to cognize a great trade about Rollo, and he is the lone beginning for the accord of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, where Charles the unsubdivided labour into accounted Rollo the lands around Rouen in 911. Rollo is baptise and, in return, receives the grant of land.The bishops say to Rollo, who was unwilling to snog King Charles s pes You who receive such a gift ought to snog the male sovereign s pes. And he s tutelage I shall neer flex my articulatio genuss to another(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), nor shall I candy kiss anyone s pes. Compelled, nevertheless, by the supplications of the Franks, he ordered one of his soldiers to snog the male monarch s pes. The adult male instantly seized the male monarch s pes, put it to his oral cavity and kissed it objet dart the male monarch was s till standing. The male monarch fell level on his dorsum. This raised(a) a great laugh and greatly stirred up the crowd. A A great narrative, but about surely a fable. Dudo was the official chronicler of the Rollonid dynasty, and he portrays Rollo as the leader of the Vikings in many runs and conflicts, possibly too many for historiographers to believe it. The facts of Rollo s early old ages as leader of the early Normans are hence lost in the semblance of posterior myths. Nonetheless, almost of the indispensable inside informations in Dudo s narrative collect well-nigh cogency. Though Dudo is the lone beginning who dates the understanding between Rollo and Charles at 911, this does sense of smell to be a extremely plausible day of the calendar month for the understanding.It is ill-defined when Viking plunderers began to desextle in the coastal country, but there is some rationality from the few paperss that survive from this period. A Carolingian charter of 905 records Ch arles the Simple s grant of deuce helot of the Crown from the pagus of Rouen to his Chancellor of the treasury Ernestus. This was the last royal charter in Normandy.A Three months subsequently, some pattern of the convulsion in the part can be concluded from a charter of 906 that records the transportation of relics from Saint-Marcouf ( now in Manche, Basse-Normandie ) to Corbeny because of the inordinate and drawn-out onslaughts of the pleasure seekers. A A In 918, Charles the Simple granted the lands of the old abbey of La Croix-Saint-Leufroi to the abbey of Saint-Germanin-des-PresA still that portion of the abbey s lands that we have granted to the Normans of the Seine, viz. to Rollo and his followings, for the defense appliance of the land. A The pact entering this land grant to Rollo no hanker-dated exists, but it is clear that between the day of the months of these two royal announcements, Rollo and his followings had accomplished themselves.The decisive event may relieve oneself been a conflict at Chartres in 911. Later Norman tradition tends to hold with this and places Rollo at the bosom of events, though some historiographers question this. One reading of the beginnings is that as a consequence of this conflict, the Vikings were appeased with a grant of land in order to turn back and command them. Flodoard of Reims promulgates us that the Vikings had been granted the lands around Rouen had some clip past been given to the Northmen on history of the pledges of Charles who had promised them the comprehensiveness of the state. Flodoard s history is of instant because it appears to give a modern-day position of the period. He was a principle of Reims, and wrote his annals from c. 925 until his decease in 966. The lone job is that he was some distance from Normandy, and the history of Normandy was non his capitulum c oncern.It is clear from his history that the Vikings and the Franks were in durable battle. In 925, Flodoard records that the Normans of Rouen broke the pact which they had one time made and devastated the territories pagi of Beauvais and Amiens. Those citizens of Amiens who were dissipated were burned by a fire for which they were ill-prepared. The Franks responded by looting Rouen they establish fire to manors, stole cowss and even killed some of the Normans. Count Herbert led another force against the Vikings towards the E, and surrounded them in a cantonment on the coast.A A It was this unfeignedly same cantonment, situated on the seashore and called Eu that the Franks surrounded. They broke through the bulwark by which the cantonment was surrounded in straw man of its walls and weakening the wall, climbed all. Once they had won ownership of the town by contending, they so slaughtered all the males and put fire to its munitions. Some, nevertheless, escaped and took ownership of a legitimate neighbouring island. But the Franks attacked and captured it, although with a greater hold th an when they had seized the town. After the Normans, who had been continuing their lives by contending as best they could, had seen what had happened and had let steal any hope of endurance, some plunged themselves into the moving ridges, some cut their pharynxs and some were killed by Frankish blades, while others died by their ain arms. And in this manner, one time everyone had been destroyed and an repulsive sum of loot had been pillaged, the Franks returned to their territorial dominion. This graphic description gives historians a sense of the force of the age. The Vikings were marauding all across the northern coastal parts of Francia, though Neustria does look to be the chief country of their colony. However, they were surely non confined to this country, or prepared to accept its boundaries. In 937, Flodoard tells us, The Bretons retreated to their fatherland after their long peregrinations fought in frequent conflicts with the Normans, who had invaded the district which had belonged to them, next to their ain. They ended up the stronger in many of these conflicts and reclaimed their ain district. A Rollo is mentioned in 925 as princeps ( leader ) of the Northmen at Rouen. Although non mentioned at the clip, grounds from the 918 charter strongly suggests that the Norman chroniclers are right in stating that Rollo led the ground forces from the start. However, Dudo s mention to the Treaty of St Clair-sur-Epte is unsubstantiated and should be dismissed as undependable. Dudo was besides misdirecting when depicting the footings of the colony. The granting of the land from the river Epte runs with the other beginnings, but the granting of Brittany does non. Neither does the scene of the arrant wilderness capture true if the land granted by Charles to the Vikings was uncultivated by the plowshare, wholly deprived of herds of cowss and flocks of sheep and lacking in adult male life , so wherefore do Norse place-names merely form a minority of all p lace-names throughout Normandy? Entertaining though Dudo s narrative may be, his history, and those of his followings and impersonators, can non be trusted for the early history of Normandy and historiographers must vacate themselves to set uping a few bare facts in the thick of ulterior deformations.The auxiliary of Normandy s boundary lines can be seen in Flodoard s history. A King Ralph conceded Bayeux and Maine Cinomannis et Baiocae in 925 harmonizing to Flodoard, though there are uncertainties about the grant of Maine. Later in 933, the Normans were given Avranchin and Cotentin. Excluding Maine, this established Normandy in the approximative phase that it existed in 1066. A The Cotentin peninsula was besides settled by Vikings independently of the Vikings under Rollo at Rouen. These early old ages were violent times. The Normans were invariably warring, contending with the Franks in 923, but chiefly concerned with spread outing their ain domain of influence. The people of B ayeux revolted against Viking regulation in 925, a twelvemonth after they had been transferred to the control of the counts of Rouen. Dudo recalls a rebellion against William Longsword by a certain Riulf ferociously filled with notorious perfidiousness .Against all the emphasiss and the strains, against internal rebellion and external menaces, Normandy had secured its place by the center of the tenth-century and, though its security was threatened many times, the Norman district was strongly governed and able to throw off its enemies. This might possibly take us to see the pacts between the Franks and the Vikings as to a greater extent outstanding than they were at the clip. All the grounds suggests that the boundaries were comparatively unstable. Agreements were made, and Vikings baptised, but these baptisms frequently proved jury-rigged personal businesss. In the 920s, the archbishops of Rouen and Reims both wrote letters on the topic of Vikings who remained heathen despite h olding converted. Herveus of Reims asked the Pope What should be done when they have been baptised and re-baptised, and after their baptism continue to populate in heathen manner, and in the mode of heathens kill Christians, slaughter priests, and, offering forfeits to graven images, eat what has been offered? There is small grounds for the widespread debut of Norse establishments or life style. Although in 1013 Duke Richard II welcomed a group of Vikings at Rouen, excessively much should non be read into this. The leaders, Richard and Olaf, may hold felt some commonalty, but this can non be discovered. Merely as Frankish Lords and male monarchs had welcomed Vikings and baptised them as Christians, in the hope of change overing them into a friend and non doing them an enemy, so Richard did with Olaf and his Vikings. Olaf had raped Brittany, but had allowed himself to be converted by Richard. The Normans were truly now more Franks than Scandinavians. Dudo claims that at the clip of William Longsword, Scandinavian address was disused at Rouen, and it is so likely that the native lingua was shortly adopted. On the Eve of the first Crusade, the Norman knight Bohemond was able to inquire, rhetorically, Are we non Franks? How does archeological and place-name grounds aid?The land divisions in Normandy appear to hold remained unchanged from the Frankish to the Norman eras. Jacques Le Maho s survey of the Pays de Caux shows a continuity of seigneurial abodes, and it has been argued that there was greater continuity in this part than in other parts of Francia. The Vikings did play bondage with them, but this did non last beyond the first century of business. The Normans seems to hold been extremely integrated with the Franks. One piece of grounds for this is the Fecamp coin host, including some coins struck at batchs in Cologne, Arles and Pavia. In Scandinavia, Norman coins discontinue to look in hosts after the early 11th century, looking alternatively in Francia and Italy. This suggests a continuance of merchandising links with Scandinavia for a piece, but with a steadily increasing Norman accent on contacts with the continent. Frankish justness was adopted the Norse thing did non go established.The survey of place-names provides an penetration into early Normano-Viking colony. The comprehensive survey undertaken by Jean Adigard des Gautrie tells the narrative of the Viking inflow. fetching all place-names with a possible or definite Norse influence, it can be seen that these are particularly legion in the Cotentin peninsula and on the seashore, with another big bunch in the Pays de Caux. They were besides legion all along the great invasion path that was the Seine and down the other rivers as good grounds of the Vikings transporting on their raiding, going by ship across sea and along rivers.It seems rather likely that when Rollo had his territorial claims to Neustrian March recognised, he based his disposal around a coastal group of colonies already in being due to the activities of other Vikings over a figure of old ages. However, Norse place-names neer formed a local loudness over preexistent Frankish names, even in the countries of highest Norse place-name denseness. One account for this is the fleet acceptance of the local lingua by the Normans.Frank Stentonhttp //www.manshead.beds.sch.uk/History/AS and A Level/The Normans in Europe/Normandy/ substructure Normandy/when_did_the_vikings_become_norm.htm _ftn10 made a good point when he compared place-names in Normandy and the face Danelaw. He pointed out that place-names with Viking personal name elements besides had Norse postfixs, for fiction Grimsby the Viking personal name Grim and the postfix -by, the Norse word for small town. He compared this to Normandy, where place-names that have Viking personal names really frequently have native terminations, for illustration, A Gremonville, the stoping of which comes from the Latin Villa. The former indicates a big colony of Vikings, who named topographic points in their ain lingua. The latter might merely face that while the Viking incomers founded and took over topographic points, it was the local population who really named these topographic points. This could be an indicant of the extent of the Viking colony in Normandy.Archaeological grounds can state us small about early colony. Patrick Perik, analyzing the grounds found around the lower Seine, admits that the archeological certification is singularly thin. There is grounds for Norse presence Viking blades and axes have been found, although Perin points out that despite two discoveries in the land that were likely buried as portion of a funeral, the weaponries found were all in the river. While this shows that Vikings were present here, it is non clear whether the discoveries are chiefly from colonies or chiefly from marauding hosts before the colony epoch. This grounds adds little to our cognition. It is clear that Northmen wer e present in Normandy for a long clip, but the archeology is scarce and can non be pinpointed in clip to give a clearer image of the early old ages of the Viking colony. The deficiency of discoveries does non problem David Bates unduly, though. If an all-encompassing colonization can be argued for in England despite the absence of important archeological discoveries, so the same decision seems executable for Normandy. The deficiency of Viking discoveries does non automatically dismiss a ample Viking colony, but if this was the instance so the colonists really rapidly adopted Frankish imposts.Whatever the size of the colony, there is another argument on the velocity of integrating. Whichever manner we turn , writes Ralph Davies, we have to confess that the Viking society of Rollo and his comrades was something rather different from the Norman society of the 11th century. The one developed from the other, but the development was non effectual until the two races had merged and the Northmen had, for all practical intents, become Frenchmen. The degree of integrating is hard to state, and David Bates and Eleanor Searle keep different positions on this. Bates believes that the Viking incomers rapidly became integrated into the native society, so that they had shortly adopted Frankish manners and establishments. Searle s place is that they remained self-consciously Viking until the mid-eleventh century.The grounds for this period is patchy and frequently inconclusive. The early history of Normandy can be told magisterially merely in really au naturel and apparent footings. Tempting though it is to utilize more expansive and colorful Norman paperss, these tell us more about the demands of the developing Norman province than about its early history. For the period he records, 923-966, Flodoard of Reims seems to be a dependable beginning, though his chief focal point is non Normandy. As for the Norse impact on Normandy, there does non look to hold been an over powering turbulence. Norse linguas appear non to hold been verbalize more than three coevalss after the colony. Administrative territories were kept integral, estates seem to hold survived, and on the whole the Normans ruled through Frankish-style establishments. But Michel de Bouardhttp //www.manshead.beds.sch.uk/History/AS and A Level/The Normans in Europe/Normandy/Founding Normandy/when_did_the_vikings_become_norm.htm _ftn14 warns against the simple come before of continuity merely because of a deficiency of institutional alteration. He talks of the energy, the effectivity of ducal power in Normandy and warns that we should neer bury the human factor in all this. Surely, Normandy grew as a power once the Vikings had taken control. There is grounds here for both continuity and discontinuity. Since the beginnings tell us so small, it is a argument that will be difficult to decide.