Setting In The Heros Walk Cultural Studies Essay

backdrop In The Heros Walk Cultural Studies EssaySetting is a device apply by most authors, to represent the elements of eon, focalise and social context in their work. These elements benefactor in creating a mood, grammatical construction a character or providing credibility to the events that take come out of the closet during the fourth dimension period of the refreshing. Throughout the novel, The Heros Walk by Anita Rau Badami, antithetic proportions of these elements argon revealed to help the plot move forward. This novel is set in a t deliver of Toturpuram situated in India telling a story well-nigh the hardships of an mid(prenominal)st class Indian family who have been living in the same suffer for virtu ally(prenominal) decades. The story revolves around a Canadian-raised orphans clash between customs and modernity, who is pres incontestable to live with her grandpargonnts in India, after losing both her parents in a car accident. This novel is a wise and affectionate portrait of mediate class manner in India during the 20th century. The religious influence, handed-down culture and weak semi policy-making formation of India have been high-fidelityly reflected in this novel.India is cognise as the land of spirituality and philosophy, as it has been a birth situate for several religions that exist in todays world. The religions much(prenominal) as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism have all been originated on the land of India. However the religion that is practiced by majority of the commonwealth and believed to be genius of the oldest religions in the world is Hinduism. The religion is the way of life in India. All the main characters in this novel are in like manner the followers of Hinduism, who are impacted by religion in one way or some other. Badami has incorporated the religion into these characters lives very cunningly done and throughout the novel.Hinduism believes in the birth and reincarnation of thoughts , which are immortal and imperishable. A soul is a part of a jiva, the limited creation, who is subject to the impurities of attachment, delusion and laws of karma (www.hinduwebsite.com). This novel helps the readers understand the lives of middle class families in India during the 20th century, which were greatly influenced by the religion. The example of such a character is Raju, who even blames deity for the poor condition of his life, when he says, That bastard god up there must(prenominal) have decided This bloke is laughing and smiling too much. achieve him a taste of something nasty. I must have been a murdering rogue in my last life, and now I am paying for it. (Badami, 121). In most Hindu families, the first bit knowledge received by a new born child is always something related to the religion. The children are taught about the history of their religion, their gods and goddesses and much more, even before they know how to take the air properly. in that respect is an similar spokesperson in the novel where Nandana starts praying to entellus to send out her parents back to her the brave monkey god, who always helped people in annoyance (Badami, 250). At this point of time, Nandana is not really aware of the significance of Hanuman in her religion, but she just starts praying because that is what she has been told to do from the time she was born. Earlier in the novel, Sripathi says that he doesnt believe in god or any religion. However, ulterior in the story when he is suffering from most difficult time of his life, he too starts praying and believing in god, in hope for a better life. The Rao family even has a separate room dedicate to god known as Prayer room, where all the pieces of the family pray to god at least once a day. The room is full of statues of god, posters of different gods and goddesses and some sacred texts of Hinduism. This shows how and why people of India in the 20th century were deep dependent and influenced by relig ion throughout their lives.Unity in transition is the perfect phrase that describes a country like India, which is incredibly well-heeled in culture and heritage (www.mapsofindia.com). The languages, dance, music, religions and customs differ from one place to another in India still possessing a sense of commonality all everywhere the nation. The caste ashes is one of the main highlights of the Indian culture, being one of the oldest and biggest caste trunks around the world. India is home to several thousand heathen groups, tribes, castes, and religions. The castes and subcastes in to each one region relate to each other through a permanent hierarchical structure, with each caste having its own name, traditional occupation, rank, and distinctive subculture (http//www.everyculture.com ). There are five different categories or levels in this caste system Brahman, Harijans, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra within Hinduism. Within each of those categories are the actual castes, whi ch people are born, marry, and die, and have their own place among each other. This system has worked well for hundreds of geezerhood and still plays a major fibre in modern India (http//www.csuchico.edu ). Badami has effectively used the model of caste system in her novel to provide the readers with an insight of Indian culture during the time period of the novel. There are some important events that take place in the novel, which are direct reflections of the caste system of India. When Maya marries a true cat who she loves while studying in Canada, her parents Sripathi Rao and Nirmala decide to cut off their own daughter for marrying out of caste, religion and race (Badami, 319). There is an another instance of caste system playing an important role in the novel, when Ammaya denies Putti of get marital to Gopala because of his lower caste in the society. Even the street where the with child(p) House is located is called Brahmin Street showing the deep chemical group of the caste system in Indias society. The Indian Social System is generally based on the Joint family System because of its culture and traditions. The families are well-nigh knit with Grandfathers, fathers, sons and grandsons sharing the same spirit, tradition and property (www.indianmirror.com). It can be also seen in the novel that Sripathi, being the eldest male member in the family, is the head of the family who makes all important decisions. And rest of the family members are forced to abide by those decisions. In conclusion, the caste system and the joint family system are the main highlights of Indian culture, which is so diverse that it changes in different part of the country.India is a land of feasts and fairs. Every day of the year, there is a festival celebrated in part of the country or another. There are festivals that celebrate the harvest, the seasons of the year, the full moon or the birthdays of divine beings, saints or gurus (www.kamat.com). Some of these festival s are also celebrated in this novel, which includes festivals like Deepawali and Yugadi. The festival of Deepawali is known as the festival of lights, celebrated on the return of Hindu god Rama, from a 14 years of banishment. In this novel, this festival is used as a means of bringing back a prospicient gone happiness (light) to the Big House. This is the festival, when Nandana starts talking to everyone for the first time in the house, everyone buys new clothes and burst firecrackers etc. (Badami, 243). On this occasion, Putti also gets married to Gopala, bringing joy to the Rao family for the first time since Maya had left the house. Another festival is celebrated in the novel, which marks the beginning of the new year harmonize to Hindu calendar, called Yugadi (literally meaning the beginning of the year).India was ruled for over 300 years by Britishers, before gaining its independence in 1947. After about 60 years of its independence, India now has one of the prominentst consti tutions compared to any democratic country in the world. However, during the time period of this novel, this political system of India was still very youthfulness containing many flaws in it. It obviously takes time for a country such as India to put a fully fledged political system in place but things such as corruption, increasing act of terrorism and unethical political practices just made it worse. The most damaging flunk of Indias political class is its lack of credibility. Regardless of the truth, people at large are convinced that the entire political class is corrupt (www.allvoices.com). This is also evident in the novel when Sripathi expresses his views about politicians all of them are corrupt, and hardly become rich by stealing money from the poor and powerless (Badami, 232). At the time of this novel, terrorism, naxalism and religious violence were some of the main political issues that exploited the weaknesses of the political parties. The politicians had to hire goons for their own security and to make sure that everything was under control. There is an incident in the novel when Sripathis neighbour asks him about his views on the naxalism in Assam, and then Sripathi describes it as, Gol-maal politics as usual (Badami, 158). This shows the touchstone of frustration a middle class person had to go through because of the weak political system at that point of time. At an another instance, he also addresses politicians as corporate thugs and mafia who run police force stations and other assorted crooks (Badami, 155).The author has incorporated the details about religious influence on Indian population, their culture and their young political system very intelligently in this novel. Hinduism is practiced by over 80% of Indias population, making it one of the biggest religions in India. The religion had a large impact on peoples lives during the time period of the novel. It also acted as the root of various cultures and traditions that can be found in different parts of India today. The weak political system of India has also been accurately depicted in this novel. All the above details suggest that this novel by Anita Rau Badami, gives the readers an accurate insight into a middle class Indian persons life during mid 20th century.Works Cited ListCallaham, Terence. Indias Caste System.Home CSU, Chico. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .DAMAGED AND tripping INDIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM.Breaking News, Current Events, Latest News and reality Events at Allvoices.com. 03 May 2010. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .Festivals of India Index.Kamats Potpourri The History, Mystery, and Diversity of India. 15 June 2010. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .Hockings, Paul. Culture of India Traditional, History, People, Clothing, Traditions, Women, Beliefs, Food, Customs, Family, Social, Dress, Marriage, Men, Life, Tribe, Population, Religion, Rituals.Countries and Their Cultures. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .India Culture.India typify, Map of India. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .INDIAN CULTURE TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN INDIA.Indian, India Travel, Indian Clothes, Indian Culture, Indian Arts. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .V, Jayaram. Death and Afterlife in Hinduism.Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Other Resources. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. .

Role of Blog Marketing in Consumer Decision Making Process

Role of communicate Marketing in Consumer Decision Making sourA FUTURE MARKETING PERSPECTIVEThe phenomenon of communicates is growing rapidly and is expect to incr move even in a to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) rapid railway yard (Technorati, 2006, November 6). As Wright (2006) discuss entanglement logs nominates a vernal way of colloquy with clients, as clients want to be clacked with, non to. Companies subscribe to bracingly started to pay charge to this and as a result, the concept of intercommunicate merchandising has been born. The practice of intercommunicates as a babble as well asl has the huge importance for companies to run across how consumers entertainment electronic ne devilrk logs in their conclusiveness make. The aspiration of this paper is to agnize and inquiry how and wherefore consumers make implement of communicates in their closing making member. Interview technique was utilisation on young adults, as interrog ation draw outs that this existence utilize communicates the nearly (Trewhitethornne, 2007).It was de lineine that consumers routine blogs finishedout their finish making. Within the consumers ending making, collaborative blogs was aboutly utilise as the consumers beca work it cover ad hoc topic of sideline for the consumers. Consumers were entrap mainly piece of music in the blogs when they had k forthwitha long timeledge to contri depictde with or when they requisiteed discipline that they could non otherwise find in the blogs.It was place that consumers turned to classifys they give outed to, so called normative multitude, or they turned to groups that they did non move to, so called comparative groups. These groups becharmd the consumer by providing them with fellowship and by giving them controlling and negative confirmation on their choice of secure. How incessantly normative groups withal persuaded the consumer to demoralise intersec tion points in fix up to belong to the group.Besides this, a strain of characteristics of the individuals that the consumer blogged with were noticed. Consumers wanted user experiences and thus the ample majority of these individuals they turned to, seemed to be consumers themselves, with relevant harvest experiences. The consumers in comeition seem to blog to a greater extent(prenominal) than with definite(a) individuals, whose discernments were jimmyd to a greater extent(prenominal). These individuals often sh atomic number 18d the belatedlyst education on mathematical ingatherings. finally it was to a fault identified that consumers seemed to be selective when education blog posts. The blog posts engageed to tame detailed- and up-to-date breeding. Moreover, consumers wanted blog post to be written by other consumers because they saw them as much probable and consortly companies. The consumers a akin chose to take aim blog posts that show similarities between the consumer and the blogger in margins of either usage copy of proceeds or orientation for return choices.INTRODUCTIONEver since the earnings was introduced for the ecumenical public during the 1990s, lot learn used it as a source of entropy. Majority of the intromission in India use internet in moorage to get mull over regarding intersection points and justs. However approximately statistics available does not tell how the consumers use the internet and what kind of teaching they search for. There be galore(postnominal) contrary sources of employment online, for example company web pages, communities, blogs etc. The concept of blogs and blogging is a relatively new phenomenon in directlys society and it has not really been look ford before. Nevertheless, magazines be right away filled with articles on the importance for companies to start blogging and join the dialogue of the future, if they do not want to loose ground to their competitors (Lindstedt, 2005, November).The major blog search engine, Technorati, shows approximately pastimeing facts on the number of blogs and its growth. In October, 2006, Technorati counted 57 million blogs and a growth aim of unmatchable hundred whole t ace new blogs per day. This number is expect to keep growing and double all eight month (Technorati, 2006, November 6). However, when it comes to the number of blogs in India, there is uncertainty.Different articles cast upress about a large-minded interval of blogs, starting at rough 18,000 (Lindstedt, 2005, August) and counting up to more past hundred grand pianos (Johansson, 2007). The reason to this childlike span is due to the lack of a clear definition on what a blog is and alike the fact that the figures be 18 months unconnected from each other. But the fact is that the tremendous growth of blogs worldwide as well is true for India. India sustains actors wish Twitter, Facebook and MSN spaces whom all retain blog s and allow for a worldly concern of your own blog. As a result of this growth, blog merchandising has emerged as a new innovative way to effect finaler kinship with customers. It has excessively given the consumers the surmise to discuss amongst each other. Blog market allows marketers to establish be quietr consanguinitys with its segment.Today limited research has been do indoors the concept of blog marketing. Furthermore, all research that has been tole wandered has had the focus on how companies john use blogs in recount to interact with consumers. Something that has not been considered, and has been taken for granted, is the come of how consumers use blogs in their decision making. Moreover, how consumers consider the breeding that is being contagious on the blog has not yet been explored. The truth could be that consumers use blogs in a way that companies brook not thought about. The breathing use of blog marketing could thus miss its objectives if compani es do not know how their audience perceives it.PROBLEM DISCUSSIONThe paper focuses on consumer decision making assist and tried to explore how consumers use blogs in this process. As there is not so much work make on the bea, this sum ups the importance to behavior much(prenominal)(prenominal) study. Blogs abides a new way of confabulation with customers (Wright, 2006). In station to use this communicating tool, it is of big importance for companies to apprehend how consumers use blogs in their decision making.The focus on the consumer decision making process in the context of blog is of importance for several reasons. It is now unclear how and in what stages consumers use blogs in their decision making process. An overview of the lit shows that not much research has been with with(p) deep down this subject. Traditional marketing tools such as advertising, gross sales promotion etc devote antithetical op site in the incompatible stages of the consumer decision m aking process. But it is unclear what invasion blogging has in those stages.By mapping out this breeding, companies potentiometer date how to use their marketing in a new and innovative way to salute consumers. Moreover, whatever research is conducted is from company perspective. To be successful in blog marketing, activities needs to be shaped in accordance to consumers blog usage. If companies take on how blogs ar used, they give the gate benefit in several ways like they trustworthy deal engage in the viral marketing on the blogs to make up fellowship of their wares, or stinker listen on wherefore consumers privilege competitors products.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKWhat is Blog?A blog is a web page that hold ups standardly posted inlays that argon archived and arranged in transposed chronological assign (Wright 2006). They be user-friendly, inexpensive, self-publication of content for a potentially spacious audience on the web. The entries in the blogs ar calle d blog posts. Blogs atomic number 18 more tensile and interactive than previous publication print and digital formats. They contain numerous hyperlinks that are often accompanied by comments regarding the destination of the link. Blogs are designed to be a part of a ne 2rk where they are connected to each other done links, which are familiarly tie in to the content. The readers wherefore have the surmisal to comment on the blog posts. Blogosphere is the term used to describe the global network of blog postings. Blogs throne be thought of as a gateway to vast sources of knowledge where users may respond to a blogger by sending comments and links to additional info. In this sense, it is fulfilling numerous needs (Tremayne, 2007).Type of BlogsDiary blog A diary blog is a web based tool that gives the author the possibility to post culture for consumption for others. Also, diary blogs gives the reader the possibility to add comments regarding its content however, this i s not applicable for all diary blogs. The authors that are report on a diary blog all have polar thought processs regarding things and convey their view of whatever they are writing about. This is a presentment to the individualized and dynamic capacity of a diary blog check to Searles and Sifry (2002). Pomerantz and Stutzman, (2006) describes diary blogs as web pages that arranges discrete posts that contains chunks of nurture that may contain images, multimedia and text. According to Lamshed, Berry and Armstrong (2002) diary blogs are very psycheal and if the reader does not like the author and his/her opinion, it may not arouse them enough to return. The blogger can use the diary blog for manybodyalizedised period of playction and archive the happenings in their lives.Collaborative blog It contains study that is posted by several individuals not just one author. In collaborative blogs, readers have the possibility to contri scarcelye with links or posts comments, in guild to put down with their opinions, answers and questions. Most collaborative blogs focus on a special topic, and the authors can be both lawful raft as well as experts indoors the topic (Holtz and Demopoulos, 2006). The collaborative blogs are an online group created by the bloggers in the blogosphere. These groups have focus on certain topics in order to promote readers to correspond to each other, which is similar to a normal discourse group. The use of goods and services, consort to Lamshed et al. (2002), is to break down the barriers between passel and to extend the blog to more than just one author, in order to create a word among its members. Collaborative blogs have standard rules about participation in order to avoid schooling of poor timberland content, which do not assist new and current readers to come back on a regular basis.Company blog It include two types of blogs, product and customer dish up blog. Product blogs can consist of diverse approac hes. One approach is to countenance updates about the product so customers can receive the latest schooling. A second approach is to provide customers with insights and training directly from those who are liable for the products. A product blog that keeps customers updated can build loyalty to the product and the brand/company. The customer service blog is rather similar to product blogs, notwithstanding customer service blogs focus completely on restitutions on the already bar take ford products. The customer service blogs is a channel in order to address the issues on the products to the customers that have bribed the product (Holtz and Demopoulos, 2006).When the first blogs appeared in the late 1990s, they were primary web pages that contained many links, offering just aboutly in-person info and easy to update. The blogosphere has been expanding rapidly over the last few years. According to the sensitive York Times and Pew Research, nearly one blog per second is crea ted (Tremayne, 2007).The scat Scenario population have blogged long before the term was coined, besides the tendency march oned force with the introduction of automated published systems, especially Blogger at blogger.com. Thousands of tidy sum use services such as Blogger to simplify and incr backup the publish process. citizenry started using the blogs because they wanted to deliver themselves about mentioned events. Blogging about events has attracted the worry of the mainstream news media, further contri scarceing to the popularisation and adoption of this new phenomenon of figurer mediated communion. Today the blogging in the blogosphere concerns business, for example about markets, customer service, product etc. (Tremayne, 2007).According to the search engine Technorati (2006, November 6) there were more than 57 million blogs available on the internet as of the end of October 2006. near 12% of those blogs had posted comments or links. Research by the Pew profits a nd American Life Project presented by Tremayne (2007) in addition indicates that blog readers straightaway are similar to the early adopters of the internet and other new discourse technologies. The bloggers are young, well-educated and more likely to be males. According to Tremayne (2007) the widenment of blogs seems to retrace the traditionally diffusion path of successful new colloquy technologies and users with great intimacy in technology. The final step to hold up a part of the broader public of the internet community is therefore to shift to the general internet users.The new stage of the maturation of blogs is the business sector. Business has become a new phase of the communications that appears on the blogosphere instantly. Bloggers communicate and address information to each other since blogs are the new ways for customers to give way out to the companies. This scenario has make the companies more alert to listen to their customers demands by means of the bl ogosphere. Enterprises now have the opportunity to put one across new knowledge from the customer and to ingest an idea about what the customers are saying about them (Tremayne, 2007).Observations have been done on why internet users connect to blogs. Blogs seem to boost a sense of community, especially for those who seek more in-depth information than what is available by means of traditional media. Blog content generally reflects the bias of the blogger, who tends to take one side of an issue. Furthermore it contains a sense of belonging to a group of like-minded individuals. Information seeking is withal a reason for accessing blogs. Bloggers provide the latest news and analysis by experts and other with inside knowledge, roughly of which is glossed over or omitted by the traditional channels. Blog users can to a fault frequently use one certain blog due to they pursue a story for a longer period of time than that they would be able to do if the story came from traditiona l media (Tremayne, 2007).Blog as flair of converseIn business, companies are required to communicate with their customer and have a strategy for the implementation of the chosen approach (Kotler et al. 2005). confabulation with customer can take many forms, such as advertising, mailed brochures, sales promotion and personal selling etc. The marketers are often those who conduct this communication. They are often perceived as pile with something to sell they behave what is good, great and irresistible with the product/service (Varey 2002).Blog enjoys characteristics of dissimilar types of advert of communication likeIt enjoys characteristics of One-step issue of communication as persist of information from company to the target audience (Fill 1999, Harrell et al 1999, Ottesen 2001).It is non-personal communication since the heart and soul is carried without personal involvement by Kotler et al. (2005).All consumers are exposed to the very(prenominal) sum at the very afor esaid(prenominal) time.It follows the principle of Mass Communication (Fill 1999).It enjoys characteristics of Two-step flow of communication asIn this information goes from the vector to certain receivers, that in turn annoy the target audience through interpersonal net deeds (Fill 1999).Mass communication reaches the target audience, opinion tracking and opinion formers are there to streng past the put to work of the message (Blackwell 2001). Blogs helps the opinion formers and principal sumership in reaching targets that were missed by the traditional mass communication.It enjoys characteristics of Multiple-step flow of communication asIt overcomes the problem of two-step flow of information that incomplete allow the information to flow between individuals in the target audience, nor it includes the communication between the original senders, via a consumer, to the opinion leader and wherefore passed on to other consumers.It adds the pastimection of gatekeepers, who ar e heap in a position able to decide whether or not the target audience lead be able to take part of the message.Relationship between Blog and Word of mouth (WOM)WOM is defined by (Blackwell et al 2001 p.404) as the daily transmission of ideas, comments, opinions, and information between two populate, uncomplete one of which is a marketer. According to them, both the sender and the receiver gains from WOM, which is projected by Fill (1999), who excessively argues for the above. The benefits for the receiver are rather straight-forward as they gain lots of information they would not be able to obtain otherwise. The benefits for the sender can be a little vaguer at first glance, further correspond to both Blackwell et al (2001) and Fill (1999) battalion like to parley about the bribes for a number of reasons, such as confirmation, satisfaction, status etc which is what the purpose of blogs. According to Blackwell et al (2001) the affect of WOM has extendd rapidly due to p rofits. Consumers of today are able to spread the word of something faster and further than ever before.Schindler and Bickart (2005) discuss that the traditional WOM and online WOM differs in the strength of ties between consumers when they are exchanging information between each other. Granovetter (1973) previously argued that the strength of ties between two individuals is a function of the amount of time spent together, the emotional intensity and storey of intimacy in the relationship. Following this countersign, online WOM is characterized by weak ties. Weak ties then provide three possible benefits for the consumer. Friedkin (1982) argues that it first provides a potential enter for a decision. Second, consumer information should be more diverse then that glide slope from stronger ties. Thirdly, it also gives consumers the opportunity to gain access to expertise which they normally would not get access to (Constant, Sproull and Kiesler, 1997). One downside is however, th at consumers do not know the motives of the person that provides the online WOM. It can be difficult to access the seeds background and expertise in the topic (Schindler and Bickart, 2005).Consumer Decision Making borderThe consumer decision making process provides a general description on how a purchase decision is made. Consumers does not necessarily go through all the stages for all the kinds of decisions they make, and uncomplete do they always go through the stages in the very specific order that is presented below (Blackwell et al 2001). The process consists of mainly five move (need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase and the post-purchase process) according to approximately researchers inwardly the subject area (Blackwell et al. 2001, Statt 1997, Kotler et al. 2005), but there are number of factors that affects the consumer in their purchasing process. Consumer are affected by individual determinants (Blackwell et al., 2001) and physi cal factors (Harell Frazier, 1999) because they are different, have different experiences and motivations, therefore, they allow for interpret things differently. Also consumers differ in available resources and knowledge which forget further affect their decision.Another aspect that affects the consumers is the environmental influences (Blackwell et al., 2001) and societal and social factors (Harell et al., 1999). Here the authors talk about external factors that affect consumer, such as culture, social class and reference groups, but also the influence of the family and other individuals by whom the consumer is affected because every individual strive to some extent fit in heavily affect consumers. Also the information provided by these groups tend to have high credibility, depending on the consumers need to belong.lastly, consumers are also affected by their spirit level of involvement (Harell et al. 1999). Involvement is the period to which the consumers perceive the purcha se to be of importance to them, and how complex they find the purchase situation (Blackwell et al 2001). The more complex the purchase, the more effort lead be needed from the consumer in order to make a good decision. The involvement in turn affects the way in which consumes pass on gip about the products. Since a low involvement purchase is fairly routine consumers do not engage in a very encompassing information search on the product, they mainly gather their information passively. A high-involvement purchase ordain demand more from the consumer and they get out be more motivated to actively search for information.LITERATURE REVIEWBickart Schindler (2001) investigated the WOM in online forums on the Internet. They assigned students to look at either corporate web pages or consumer forums about specific products. They arrange that after one semester, there was a higher touch on in the product category for those who used the online banter forum. They then signaled that a reason for this was because the content posts in the online discussion forums are thought to be more believable and more relevant but also having more empathy among its readers.In another study, Bickart Schindler (2005) tried to explore the consumer use of online WOM. They found three motives for using online WOM a) To gain information on purchase decisions, in which consumer reviews and negative information was of most evoke b) To get fend for from decision already made in which arrogant was used most for confirmation of that the right choice have been made and c) Whether information was searched for fun or not. Another theme they discover was the evaluation of the content of information in online WOM. They identified, corporate web pages are more biased and untrustworthy. freelancer web pages free from corporate marketing, in which detailed information and current first person experience was viewed more credible and reliable. A consensus of system among consumers in the online WOM also tended to increase the credibility. Finally, they found online WOM disperse more information in all stages of consumer decision-making process. During the need recognition, when product was mentioned, it sometimes stimulated interest or problem recognition for the consumer. Other consumers sometimes provide ideas that lead for alternative product to be included, or removed, in the consumer consideration set.Online WOM also suggested important attributes that could influence the criteria of which alternatives are compared. Information from consumers on how alternative rate on those criteria was also of importance when comparing alternatives. After purchase was done, online WOM information could increase the consumers satisfaction of the purchase through positive information. They also spy that their attestators were selective in their information gathering process. This was done to simplify the information but also to help them absorb the information with amount of consumer information about a large area of different products. They continue and suggest that future research should look deeper into what characterise the content in those online WOM consumers take up to read.Bernhad, Bjurling and hrn (2006) did another study on un-addressed consumer complaints through blogs. They found that the blog is used as a way to bring dissatisfaction on companies and their products and services. It is used when the consumer do not get enough amendments from the companies. Blogs then full treatment as a complement to complaints through friends and family, and it is an easy way to ease the consumers experiences and reduce the stress of a distasteful treatment from companies. The consumers have then used blog to warn other consumers on products and companies but also to tell their own story regarding the complaint. Bernhad et al. (2006) discuss that the technical suppuration has minify the barriers to complain and this had led to increased likelihood to present complains for products of less regard as. Wallstn (2005) then comes to the conclusion that the collaborative blogs increase the admiting process in which people can learn from each other by adaptation blog post. It also gives a bundled knowledge base for the participants. In another study by Constant, et al. (1997) weak-tie sources were found to make it harder for consumers to assess the fibre of the WOM information they received. Schindler and Bickart (2005) then discuss that the reason for this may be that the consumer do not know the motives of the informant and it may also sometimes be hard to assess the background and expertise in the topic of the informant. query METHODResearch approachAs the purpose of study is to examine how consumers perceive their own experiences and behaviour which can be best analysed through inductive approach. As this approach allows researcher to have more on the table structure that testament permit alternative explanations of the phe nomena. This approach is soft in nature that begins with selective information. It nonpluss an empirical generalisation that describes patterns of that data and it seeks to identify or develop a divinatory proposition that is consistent with those patterns (Schutt, 1996).Research Strategy move emphasis on the inductive approach, research strategy of the paper is construct on an exploratory study, though it also includes a cross-sectional study as hearings were held over a short period of time (Saunders et al. 2003). As the paper does not allow for sufficient time for conducting a longitudinal study and it is not intended to study the effects of change and using of the blogging phenomena on the consumers decision making process, a cross-sectional study is more appropriate.As the purpose of paper is from the consumers perspective, qualitative research method pass on enable us to get information from the informants and go forth allow us to understand the meaning that the inform ants attach to their experiences of blogging. Description is based on the meanings that informants express through words. A qualitative approach testament allow acquiring this non-standardised data without being locked into a standardised set of questions. This is because the nature of the questions get out need to be flexible and open-ended in order to explore what emerges during the interview. Furthermore, to get a rich description of this non-standardised data and to get into the thoughts of our informants, the interviews will need to allow a long length of time.Sample natural selectionThe sample selection consists of young educated adults as previous research suggests they use blogs the most. The sample size consisted of nine people inwardly the ages of 21 to 28. Of those nine people, three are females and six are males. Judgement sample distribution technique was used for identifying the informants who had rich experiences of blogging. The low number of informants can be j ustified by this as it allows acquiring a richer description of the phenomena studied. info collectionThis primary data has been collected through interviews which are qualitative (semi-structured and in-depth) in nature. Limited research that exists and relates to our study has been used as unessential data. To check the effectiveness of semi-structured interview, two pilot studies were conducted. First semi-structured interview uses too much conjectural jargons that fail in retrieving the information. The second test then avoided the theoretical jargon and explanations. To get a rich description, informants were briefed two days prior on the themes to be covered in the interview. It was ensured that each informant had read the information letter before the interview took place. The informants were interviewed in two different ways -a) 6 informants were interviewed face-to-face in quiet board and conversations were recorded and b) remaining 3 informants were interviewed through Skype because of distance and conversations were again recorded.However, go about was made to conduct all interviews face-to-face as it enables to establish personal contact which is also important as Saunders et al (2003) argue qualitative data favours the establishment of personal contact. It was also judged that the face-to-face contact would increase the likelihood of describing and identifying our informants accurately. In all cases, focus was on recording the findings from the interview as the findings emerged naturally. To really understand the informants meanings to their experiences and actions, flexible approach was used at heart the semi-structured interview. Although questions were bound to the themes, questions were flexible to allow an understanding of the participant.DATA PRESENTATION AND summary entropy is presented through sectioning each interview individually. Collected raw data was put into categories and themes that emerged from the interview as need is to h ave a close understanding to our informants. Information collected and compiled under each category will be compared with other categories. This helps in identifying relationships in discovering key themes, and recognising patterns and kinks. Later on, theoretical framework will be applied on those patterns in order to understand it in a new way. Quotes will be made to simplify the meaning and in drawing conclusions.Empirical Findingsa) Interview with Reema Sharma Reema, 25 years old, was interviewed at her office in Jammu and studying at Jammu University. She uses blogs when she wants to debase something new or wants to find out different type of products available. She also uses blogs for reading travel diaries for fun and to be in touch with people she knows. When it comes to blogging about a future purchase, she reads blogs by people who are in the same situation as her and that have experience from the things she is interested in. She blogs travels but sometimes for electroni cs products and hiking. She has never used blogs actively, she only reads them. The kind of blogs she uses is mainly product blogs, and collaborative blogs, where she can read and learn more. She does not really read the blogs from companies. Rarely she reads a blog and completely changes her mind. The blog can kind of make her rent a different brand.Relationship with bloggers For her, the blogger is just person whose blog she happens to find. Reema trusts all the information that is written in the blogs, but she explains that the more detailed description on how the product has been used, the more she relies on the inlay. People whose blogs she reads most often posses greater knowledge then her, within the subject. ingest and awareness discovered with blogsReema agrees that she discovers a lot of new kinds of products, but this has never actually evolved to a need. This has occurred, for example, when she has blogged about hiking gear, she has learned about many new products and the advantaged with those products, but as she is not very experienced in the area, many of those products are just too complicated. However, the blogs she reads regarding travels could actually create a need sometimes. From these blogs she learns more about possible places to travel to which she might visit subsequently in her life she explains.Blogging for information and evaluation of potential purchase Reema searches for information about experience from others consumers and their opinions. She looks for new things and assesses which of the product will give most value for her money. For her, price is often one of the most important factors touch her decision. The reason to why she chooses to collect the information from blogs is because she feels that this is the only place where she can learn about peoples experiences and opinions, and also since this information is more neutral then if it would be from a company. When it comes to evaluating products, she mainly uses colla borative blogs in where many people can express their opinions on things. While evaluating the products she mainly stick within one price category that will offer her maximum value of her money.BloggiRole of Blog Marketing in Consumer Decision Making cropRole of Blog Marketing in Consumer Decision Making ProcessA FUTURE MARKETING PERSPECTIVEThe phenomenon of blogs is growing rapidly and is expected to increase even in a more rapid pace (Technorati, 2006, November 6). As Wright (2006) discuss blogs provides a new way of communicating with customers, as customers want to be talked with, not to. Companies have newly started to pay direction to this and as a result, the concept of Blog marketing has been born. The use of blogs as a communication tool has the huge importance for companies to understand how consumers use blogs in their decision making. The purpose of this paper is to understand and explore how and why consumers use blogs in their decision making process. Interview techn ique was used on young adults, as research suggests that this population use blogs the most (Tremayne, 2007).It was identified that consumers use blogs throughout their decision making. Within the consumers decision making, collaborative blogs was mostly used as the consumers because it cover specific topic of interest for the consumers. Consumers were found mainly writing in the blogs when they had knowledge to contribute with or when they needed information that they could not otherwise find in the blogs.It was identified that consumers turned to groups they belonged to, so called normative group, or they turned to groups that they did not belong to, so called comparative groups. These groups influenced the consumer by providing them with knowledge and by giving them positive and negative confirmation on their choice of purchase. However normative groups also persuaded the consumer to buy products in order to belong to the group.Besides this, a pattern of characteristics of the in dividuals that the consumer blogged with were noticed. Consumers wanted user experiences and thus the vast majority of these individuals they turned to, seemed to be consumers themselves, with relevant product experiences. The consumers also seem to blog more with certain individuals, whose opinions were valued more. These individuals often shared the latest information on products.Lastly it was also identified that consumers seemed to be selective when reading blog posts. The blog posts needed to contain detailed- and up-to-date information. Moreover, consumers wanted blog post to be written by other consumers because they saw them as more credible then companies. The consumers also chose to read blog posts that show similarities between the consumer and the blogger in terms of either usage pattern of product or penchant for product choices.INTRODUCTIONEver since the internet was introduced for the general public during the 1990s, people have used it as a source of information. Ma jority of the population in India use internet in order to get information regarding products and services. However most statistics available does not tell how the consumers use the internet and what kind of information they search for. There are many different sources of information online, for example company web pages, communities, blogs etc. The concept of blogs and blogging is a relatively new phenomenon in todays society and it has not really been explored before. Nevertheless, magazines are today filled with articles on the importance for companies to start blogging and join the communication of the future, if they do not want to loose ground to their competitors (Lindstedt, 2005, November).The major blog search engine, Technorati, shows some interesting facts on the number of blogs and its growth. In October, 2006, Technorati counted 57 million blogs and a growth rate of one hundred thousand new blogs per day. This number is expected to keep growing and double every eight mo nth (Technorati, 2006, November 6). However, when it comes to the number of blogs in India, there is uncertainty.Different articles talk about a wide interval of blogs, starting at somewhat 18,000 (Lindstedt, 2005, August) and counting up to more then hundred thousands (Johansson, 2007). The reason to this wide span is due to the lack of a clear definition on what a blog is and also the fact that the figures are 18 months away from each other. But the fact is that the tremendous growth of blogs worldwide also is true for India. India contains actors like Twitter, Facebook and MSN spaces whom all contain blogs and allow for a creation of your own blog. As a result of this growth, blog marketing has emerged as a new innovative way to create closer relationship with customers. It has also given the consumers the possibility to discuss amongst each other. Blog marketing allows marketers to establish closer relationships with its segment.Today limited research has been made within the concept of blog marketing. Furthermore, all research that has been conducted has had the focus on how companies can use blogs in order to interact with consumers. Something that has not been considered, and has been taken for granted, is the issue of how consumers use blogs in their decision making. Moreover, how consumers consider the information that is being catching on the blog has not yet been explored. The truth could be that consumers use blogs in a way that companies have not thought about. The be use of blog marketing could thus miss its objectives if companies do not know how their audience perceives it.PROBLEM DISCUSSIONThe paper focuses on consumer decision making process and tried to explore how consumers use blogs in this process. As there is not so much work done on the area, this increases the importance to conduct such study. Blogs provides a new way of communicating with customers (Wright, 2006). In order to use this communication tool, it is of big importance fo r companies to understand how consumers use blogs in their decision making.The focus on the consumer decision making process in the context of blog is of importance for several reasons. It is today unclear how and in what stages consumers use blogs in their decision making process. An overview of the writings shows that not much research has been done within this subject. Traditional marketing tools such as advertising, sales promotion etc have different impingement in the different stages of the consumer decision making process. But it is unclear what force blogging has in those stages.By mapping out this information, companies can learn how to use their marketing in a new and innovative way to salute consumers. Moreover, whatever research is conducted is from company perspective. To be successful in blog marketing, activities needs to be shaped in accordance to consumers blog usage. If companies learn how blogs are used, they can benefit in several ways like they can engage i n the viral marketing on the blogs to create knowledge of their products, or can listen on why consumers opt competitors products.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKWhat is Blog?A blog is a web page that contains regularly posted inlays that are archived and arranged in reverse chronological order (Wright 2006). They are user-friendly, inexpensive, self-publication of content for a potentially vast audience on the web. The entries in the blogs are called blog posts. Blogs are more flexible and interactive than previous publication print and digital formats. They contain numerous hyperlinks that are often accompanied by comments regarding the destination of the link. Blogs are designed to be a part of a network where they are connected to each other through links, which are generally associate to the content. The readers then have the possibility to comment on the blog posts. Blogosphere is the term used to describe the global network of blog postings. Blogs can be thought of as a gateway to va st sources of information where users may respond to a blogger by sending comments and links to additional information. In this sense, it is fulfilling many needs (Tremayne, 2007).Type of BlogsDiary blog A diary blog is a web based tool that gives the author the possibility to post information for consumption for others. Also, diary blogs gives the reader the possibility to add comments regarding its content however, this is not applicable for all diary blogs. The authors that are writing on a diary blog all have different opinions regarding things and express their view of whatever they are writing about. This is a monstrance to the personal and dynamic capacity of a diary blog according to Searles and Sifry (2002). Pomerantz and Stutzman, (2006) describes diary blogs as web pages that arranges discrete posts that contains chunks of information that may contain images, multimedia and text. According to Lamshed, Berry and Armstrong (2002) diary blogs are very personal and if the r eader does not like the author and his/her opinion, it may not interest them enough to return. The blogger can use the diary blog for personal enjoyment and archive the happenings in their lives.Collaborative blog It contains information that is posted by several individuals not just one author. In collaborative blogs, readers have the possibility to contribute with links or posts comments, in order to infix with their opinions, answers and questions. Most collaborative blogs focus on a specific topic, and the authors can be both regular people as well as experts within the topic (Holtz and Demopoulos, 2006). The collaborative blogs are an online group created by the bloggers in the blogosphere. These groups have focus on certain topics in order to abet readers to correspond to each other, which is similar to a normal discussion group. The purpose, according to Lamshed et al. (2002), is to break down the barriers between people and to extend the blog to more than just one author, in order to create a discussion among its members. Collaborative blogs have standard rules about participation in order to avoid development of poor quality content, which do not encourage new and current readers to come back on a regular basis.Company blog It include two types of blogs, product and customer service blog. Product blogs can consist of different approaches. One approach is to provide updates about the product so customers can receive the latest information. A second approach is to provide customers with insights and information directly from those who are responsible for the products. A product blog that keeps customers updated can build loyalty to the product and the brand/company. The customer service blog is rather similar to product blogs, but customer service blogs focus completely on issues on the already purchased products. The customer service blogs is a channel in order to address the issues on the products to the customers that have purchased the product (Holtz and Demopoulos, 2006).When the first blogs appeared in the late 1990s, they were primary web pages that contained many links, offering mostly personal information and easy to update. The blogosphere has been expanding rapidly over the last few years. According to the new-fangled York Times and Pew Research, nearly one blog per second is created (Tremayne, 2007).The authoritative ScenarioPeople have blogged long before the term was coined, but the trend gained force with the introduction of automated published systems, especially Blogger at blogger.com. Thousands of people use services such as Blogger to simplify and increase the publication process. People started using the blogs because they wanted to express themselves about mentioned events. Blogging about events has attracted the concern of the mainstream news media, further contributing to the popularisation and adoption of this new phenomenon of data processor mediated communication. Today the blogging in the blogos phere concerns business, for example about markets, customer service, product etc. (Tremayne, 2007).According to the search engine Technorati (2006, November 6) there were more than 57 million blogs available on the internet as of the end of October 2006. or so 12% of those blogs had posted comments or links. Research by the Pew Internet and American Life Project presented by Tremayne (2007) also indicates that blog readers today are similar to the early adopters of the internet and other new communication technologies. The bloggers are young, well-educated and more likely to be males. According to Tremayne (2007) the development of blogs seems to follow the traditionally diffusion path of successful new communication technologies and users with great interest in technology. The final step to become a part of the broader public of the internet community is then to shift to the general internet users.The new stage of the development of blogs is the business sector. Business has beco me a new phase of the communications that appears on the blogosphere today. Bloggers communicate and share information to each other since blogs are the new ways for customers to reach out to the companies. This scenario has made the companies more alert to listen to their customers demands through the blogosphere. Enterprises now have the opportunity to gain new knowledge from the customer and to gain an idea about what the customers are saying about them (Tremayne, 2007).Observations have been done on why internet users connect to blogs. Blogs seem to encourage a sense of community, especially for those who seek more in-depth information than what is available through traditional media. Blog content generally reflects the bias of the blogger, who tends to take one side of an issue. Furthermore it contains a sense of belonging to a group of like-minded individuals. Information seeking is also a reason for accessing blogs. Bloggers provide the latest news and analysis by experts and other with inside knowledge, some of which is glossed over or omitted by the traditional channels. Blog users can also frequently use one certain blog due to they follow a story for a longer period of time than that they would be able to do if the story came from traditional media (Tremayne, 2007).Blog as panache of CommunicationIn business, companies are required to communicate with their customer and have a strategy for the implementation of the chosen approach (Kotler et al. 2005). Communication with customer can take many forms, such as advertising, mailed brochures, sales promotion and personal selling etc. The marketers are often those who conduct this communication. They are often perceived as people with something to sell they express what is good, great and irresistible with the product/service (Varey 2002).Blog enjoys characteristics of different types of flow of communication likeIt enjoys characteristics of One-step flow of communication as rate of flow of information from company to the target audience (Fill 1999, Harrell et al 1999, Ottesen 2001).It is non-personal communication since the message is carried without personal involvement by Kotler et al. (2005).All consumers are exposed to the same message at the very same time.It follows the principle of Mass Communication (Fill 1999).It enjoys characteristics of Two-step flow of communication asIn this information goes from the sender to certain receivers, that in turn reach the target audience through interpersonal networks (Fill 1999).Mass communication reaches the target audience, opinion leaders and opinion formers are there to strengthen the influence of the message (Blackwell 2001). Blogs helps the opinion formers and leaders in reaching targets that were missed by the traditional mass communication.It enjoys characteristics of Multiple-step flow of communication asIt overcomes the problem of two-step flow of information that neither allow the information to flow between individuals in th e target audience, nor it includes the communication between the original senders, via a consumer, to the opinion leader and then passed on to other consumers.It adds the function of gatekeepers, who are people in a position able to decide whether or not the target audience will be able to take part of the message.Relationship between Blog and Word of mouth (WOM)WOM is defined by (Blackwell et al 2001 p.404) as the lax transmission of ideas, comments, opinions, and information between two people, neither one of which is a marketer. According to them, both the sender and the receiver gains from WOM, which is supported by Fill (1999), who also argues for the above. The benefits for the receiver are rather straight-forward as they gain lots of information they would not be able to obtain otherwise. The benefits for the sender can be a little vaguer at first glance, but according to both Blackwell et al (2001) and Fill (1999) people like to talk about the purchases for a number of reas ons, such as confirmation, satisfaction, status etc which is what the purpose of blogs. According to Blackwell et al (2001) the affect of WOM has increased rapidly due to Internet. Consumers of today are able to spread the word of something faster and further than ever before.Schindler and Bickart (2005) discuss that the traditional WOM and online WOM differs in the strength of ties between consumers when they are exchanging information between each other. Granovetter (1973) previously argued that the strength of ties between two individuals is a function of the amount of time spent together, the emotional intensity and score of intimacy in the relationship. Following this discussion, online WOM is characterized by weak ties. Weak ties then provide three possible benefits for the consumer. Friedkin (1982) argues that it first provides a potential input for a decision. Second, consumer information should be more diverse then that climax from stronger ties. Thirdly, it also gives con sumers the opportunity to gain access to expertise which they normally would not get access to (Constant, Sproull and Kiesler, 1997). One downside is however, that consumers do not know the motives of the person that provides the online WOM. It can be difficult to access the informants background and expertise in the topic (Schindler and Bickart, 2005).Consumer Decision Making ProcessThe consumer decision making process provides a general description on how a purchase decision is made. Consumers does not necessarily go through all the stages for all the kinds of decisions they make, and neither do they always go through the stages in the very specific order that is presented below (Blackwell et al 2001). The process consists of mainly five move (need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase and the post-purchase process) according to most researchers within the vault of heaven (Blackwell et al. 2001, Statt 1997, Kotler et al. 2005), but there are numbe r of factors that affects the consumer in their purchasing process. Consumer are affected by individual determinants (Blackwell et al., 2001) and physical factors (Harell Frazier, 1999) because they are different, have different experiences and motivations, therefore, they will interpret things differently. Also consumers differ in available resources and knowledge which will further affect their decision.Another aspect that affects the consumers is the environmental influences (Blackwell et al., 2001) and societal and social factors (Harell et al., 1999). Here the authors talk about external factors that affect consumer, such as culture, social class and reference groups, but also the influence of the family and other individuals by whom the consumer is affected because every individual strive to some extent fit in heavily affect consumers. Also the information provided by these groups tend to have high credibility, depending on the consumers need to belong.Lastly, consumers are a lso affected by their degree of involvement (Harell et al. 1999). Involvement is the degree to which the consumers perceive the purchase to be of importance to them, and how complex they find the purchase situation (Blackwell et al 2001). The more complex the purchase, the more effort will be needed from the consumer in order to make a good decision. The involvement in turn affects the way in which consumes will learn about the products. Since a low involvement purchase is fairly routine consumers do not engage in a very blanket(a) information search on the product, they mainly gather their information passively. A high-involvement purchase will demand more from the consumer and they will be more motivated to actively search for information.LITERATURE REVIEWBickart Schindler (2001) investigated the WOM in online forums on the Internet. They assigned students to look at either corporate web pages or consumer forums about specific products. They found that after one semester, there was a higher interest in the product category for those who used the online discussion forum. They then suggested that a reason for this was because the content posts in the online discussion forums are thought to be more credible and more relevant but also having more empathy among its readers.In another study, Bickart Schindler (2005) tried to explore the consumer use of online WOM. They found three motives for using online WOM a) To gain information on purchase decisions, in which consumer reviews and negative information was of most interest b) To get support from decision already made in which positive was used most for confirmation of that the right choice have been made and c) Whether information was searched for fun or not. Another theme they discovered was the evaluation of the content of information in online WOM. They identified, corporate web pages are more biased and untrustworthy. nonparasitic web pages free from corporate marketing, in which detailed information an d bona fide first person experience was viewed more credible and reliable. A consensus of accord among consumers in the online WOM also tended to increase the credibility. Finally, they found online WOM disperse more information in all stages of consumer decision-making process. During the need recognition, when product was mentioned, it sometimes stimulated interest or problem recognition for the consumer. Other consumers sometimes provide ideas that lead for alternative product to be included, or removed, in the consumer consideration set.Online WOM also suggested important attributes that could influence the criteria of which alternatives are compared. Information from consumers on how alternative rate on those criteria was also of importance when comparing alternatives. After purchase was done, online WOM information could increase the consumers satisfaction of the purchase through positive information. They also discovered that their informants were selective in their informa tion gathering process. This was done to simplify the information but also to help them absorb the information with amount of consumer information about a large area of different products. They continue and suggest that future research should look deeper into what characterise the content in those online WOM consumers choose to read.Bernhad, Bjurling and hrn (2006) did another study on un-addressed consumer complaints through blogs. They found that the blog is used as a way to express dissatisfaction on companies and their products and services. It is used when the consumer do not get enough amendments from the companies. Blogs then works as a complement to complaints through friends and family, and it is an easy way to ease the consumers experiences and reduce the stress of a distasteful treatment from companies. The consumers have then used blog to warn other consumers on products and companies but also to tell their own story regarding the complaint. Bernhad et al. (2006) discuss that the technical development has cut back the barriers to complain and this had led to increased likelihood to present complains for products of less value. Wallstn (2005) then comes to the conclusion that the collaborative blogs increase the learning process in which people can learn from each other by reading blog post. It also gives a shared knowledge base for the participants. In another study by Constant, et al. (1997) weak-tie sources were found to make it harder for consumers to assess the quality of the WOM information they received. Schindler and Bickart (2005) then discuss that the reason for this may be that the consumer do not know the motives of the informant and it may also sometimes be hard to assess the background and expertise in the topic of the informant. research METHODResearch approachAs the purpose of study is to understand how consumers perceive their own experiences and behaviour which can be best analysed through inductive approach. As this approach allo ws researcher to have more flexible structure that will permit alternative explanations of the phenomena. This approach is qualitative in nature that begins with data. It develops an empirical generalisation that describes patterns of that data and it seeks to identify or develop a theoretical proposition that is consistent with those patterns (Schutt, 1996).Research Strategy put emphasis on the inductive approach, research strategy of the paper is make on an exploratory study, though it also includes a cross-sectional study as interviews were held over a short period of time (Saunders et al. 2003). As the paper does not allow for sufficient time for conducting a longitudinal study and it is not intended to study the effects of change and development of the blogging phenomena on the consumers decision making process, a cross-sectional study is more appropriate.As the purpose of paper is from the consumers perspective, qualitative research method will enable us to get information fr om the informants and will allow us to understand the meaning that the informants attach to their experiences of blogging. Description is based on the meanings that informants express through words. A qualitative approach will allow getting this non-standardised data without being locked into a standardised set of questions. This is because the nature of the questions will need to be flexible and open-ended in order to explore what emerges during the interview. Furthermore, to get a rich description of this non-standardised data and to get into the thoughts of our informants, the interviews will need to allow a long length of time.Sample selectionThe sample selection consists of young educated adults as previous research suggests they use blogs the most. The sample size consisted of nine people within the ages of 21 to 28. Of those nine people, three are females and six are males. Judgement try out technique was used for identifying the informants who had rich experiences of bloggi ng. The low number of informants can be justified by this as it allows getting a richer description of the phenomena studied.Data collectionThis primary data has been collected through interviews which are qualitative (semi-structured and in-depth) in nature. Limited research that exists and relates to our study has been used as alternative data. To check the effectiveness of semi-structured interview, two pilot studies were conducted. First semi-structured interview uses too much theoretical jargons that fail in retrieving the information. The second test then avoided the theoretical jargon and explanations. To get a rich description, informants were briefed two days prior on the themes to be covered in the interview. It was ensured that each informant had read the information letter before the interview took place. The informants were interviewed in two different ways -a) 6 informants were interviewed face-to-face in quiet rooms and conversations were recorded and b) remaining 3 informants were interviewed through Skype because of distance and conversations were again recorded.However, crusade was made to conduct all interviews face-to-face as it enables to establish personal contact which is also important as Saunders et al (2003) argue qualitative data favours the establishment of personal contact. It was also judged that the face-to-face contact would increase the likelihood of describing and identifying our informants accurately. In all cases, focus was on recording the findings from the interview as the findings emerged naturally. To really understand the informants meanings to their experiences and actions, flexible approach was used within the semi-structured interview. Although questions were bound to the themes, questions were flexible to allow an understanding of the participant.DATA PRESENTATION AND psychoanalysisData is presented through sectioning each interview individually. Collected raw data was put into categories and themes that emerged from the interview as need is to have a close understanding to our informants. Information collected and compiled under each category will be compared with other categories. This helps in identifying relationships in discovering key themes, and recognising patterns and trends. Later on, theoretical framework will be applied on those patterns in order to understand it in a new way. Quotes will be made to simplify the meaning and in drawing conclusions.Empirical Findingsa) Interview with Reema Sharma Reema, 25 years old, was interviewed at her office in Jammu and studying at Jammu University. She uses blogs when she wants to buy something new or wants to find out different type of products available. She also uses blogs for reading travel diaries for fun and to be in touch with people she knows. When it comes to blogging about a future purchase, she reads blogs by people who are in the same situation as her and that have experience from the things she is interested in. She blogs trave ls but sometimes for electronics products and hiking. She has never used blogs actively, she only reads them. The kind of blogs she uses is mainly product blogs, and collaborative blogs, where she can read and learn more. She does not really read the blogs from companies. Rarely she reads a blog and completely changes her mind. The blog can quite make her choose a different brand.Relationship with bloggers For her, the blogger is just mortal whose blog she happens to find. Reema trusts all the information that is written in the blogs, but she explains that the more detailed description on how the product has been used, the more she relies on the inlay. People whose blogs she reads most often posses greater knowledge then her, within the subject. study and awareness discovered with blogsReema agrees that she discovers a lot of new kinds of products, but this has never actually evolved to a need. This has occurred, for example, when she has blogged about hiking gear, she has learned about many new products and the advantaged with those products, but as she is not very experienced in the area, many of those products are just too complicated. However, the blogs she reads regarding travels could actually create a need sometimes. From these blogs she learns more about possible places to travel to which she might visit posterior in her life she explains.Blogging for information and evaluation of potential purchase Reema searches for information about experience from others consumers and their opinions. She looks for new things and assesses which of the product will give most value for her money. For her, price is often one of the most important factors affecting her decision. The reason to why she chooses to collect the information from blogs is because she feels that this is the only place where she can learn about peoples experiences and opinions, and also since this information is more neutral then if it would be from a company. When it comes to evaluating prod ucts, she mainly uses collaborative blogs in where many people can express their opinions on things. While evaluating the products she mainly stick within one price category that will offer her maximum value of her money.Bloggi

Finding A Good Place To Study English Language Essay

Finding A Good Place To Study English speech EssayFiguring go forth a m and place to do your homework and drive is of the utmost importance. Once you incur figured out when to do your homework, the next question is where to do it.A pricy study argona should have a desk or table big plenteous to sp c either for out books, nones, worksheets, etc. without them all told being on reach of each other. You do not want to crap a mess, nevertheless you also do want to have ample room to work. murder certain(a) you have plenty of light. Ideally, you forget near a windowpane with an oerhead light and perhaps even a small construe lamp.Most important in choosing a study location is call uping a place that is relatively free from distractions. That esteems no TV on in the room, no brothers or sisters running by, no memorialise conversations to listen in on, and no instant messenger or netmails to sustainment you busy.Whether or not you listen to music plot of ground you stu dy depends on your personal preference. You may choose to ignore some(prenominal) phone calls, or turn off your cell phone, and for point rough the urge to go and get a snack every ten or xv minutes.Depending on your home, you may be able to find this atomic number 18a at the kitchen or dining room table, or in your bedroom. You may be able to set aside a study space in your basement or an office in you home. Some people find their homes too filled with distractions, and prefer to take their studies to the local library.Wherever you choose, it is vanquish if you privy study in that same place all the clock. If you depose study in this same location consistently, your mind leave behind get apply to this being a focused and important place. When you enter this area, you go out discern it is time to get down to business. Your pens and pencils, paper, erasers, stapler, computer, and everything else you use often can be kept nearby. Also, you can come up them in a stack b y or bag which can be pulled out whenever you assume them. This will ward off having to stop perusing to collect supplies.Having this dedicated study peak will financial aid you get down to business and focus more(prenominal) easily on getting your work complete.Keep Supplies in a Homework KitIts four oclockyou know what that meanstime to do homework. You scour the house touching for a pencil. Then you pauperisation a pencil sharpener. Ten minutes subsequently you find one. Finally you sit down to saltation your homework. Wheres the calculator? Dads desk? Brothers bedroom? Once found, you comprehend that it is low on batteriesthere have to be some in the housebut where? If you find your typical study session develop like this, then here are a few implyions to strain you finish your homework with easeYou can waste a plenteousness of time looking for homework supplies and making sure they are set up to be used. OR, you can use a homework box or supply kit of some kind to take note it all together. Then, when it comes time to do homework, everything is in place for you. No running around, no scour the house.Any kind of box will do. You can use a storage tote, an old shoebox, or even a drawer. The key is to keep everything you need in there, ready to go. Make sure the tote or box is placed conveniently in your study area. It should not die from the spot.Make sure siblings and family members know that these supplies are for homework, and not for other activities. Those supplies should expect there, and lonesome(prenominal) be used for homework. You may want to label it so there is no confusion as to its purpose.Pencils and crayons should be sharp, calculators fully weaponed with gratifying batteries, markers with lids tightly attached. Heres a tip, since your parents are evermore offering to help with your homework but it is up to you to do the work, suggest that they take responsibility for keeping the supply kit full and in working order.W hen it comes to studying, there are few people that want some(prenominal) more struggle or stress than is necessary. Keeping all materials and supplies adept and ready to go will make your studying not only go smoother, but possibly quicker. And who wouldnt want to shorten the time they need for studying?Concentration is KeyLearning to concentrate while studying and doing work is a skill that will be used for the rest of your life. The art of concentration is to eliminate any possible distractions and totally focus on the task at hand. Many students will read through material and disc all over that they have no idea what they have just read. Or, they will attend evokes and have difficulty paying oversight to what is being said. Here are a few suggestions to help you verification focused and boost your gradesWhen scheduling study times, try to stick to a consistent and efficient routine. evidence to avoid studying one twenty-four hourstime late at night, and the next in the afternoon. Write in your contriver or calendar when you will study so as not to have conflicts.Always study in a quiet environment. If you seaportt already, find a designated study spot free of distractions. If you tarry in a noisy house or dormitory, this may mean heading to a study room or even the library.When you need a study break, do something different from you have been doing, and in a different area. Get up and walk around in another(prenominal) room. Listen to music for a few minutes. Grab a snack. Try to take a break every hour for about 10 minutes.Every student struggles with day dreaming while studying thought process about plans for the night or tomorrows basketball game. To avoid daydreaming, ask yourself questions about the material as you study it, which will keep your mind focused.If you have trouble focusing during family unitroom lectures, look over the notes of the previous lecture and read the course material pertaining to the lecture onwards so you can ant icipate the main ideas that the instructor will cover. Additionally, hand outward interest during lectures. Have an solicitous expression and posture. This will self-motivate immanent interest. Also, resist distractions by sitting in front of the room away from disruptive occurrences and classmates and by focusing on the instructor through earshot and note taking.Just a few minor adjustments in your studying habits will go a long way in up(a) grades and concentration. plane with SkillThink about how you find a come upon in a telephone book. You assumet read any more than necessary to find the name. Maybe you use your finger to guide your eyes. This theatrical role of reading is known as scanning. Skimming uses the same type of skill mechanically but a different skill mentally. In scanning, you know what you are looking for in skimming, you dont.Since you dont know makely what you are looking for while skimming, prepare yourself by reading the title, source, author, and any pictures then question yourself,who, what, when, where is this likely to focus on? With a questioning mind direct your eyes down the towboat of print, or in a zigzag, if the lines are quite long. Look for exact names of people, places, things, ideas, numbers and words like therefore, whenever, until, because, and instead, to clue you to how and why.When you first start to learn to skim you may see only the words in bold type, italics, digits, or capitalized words. Soon you will note new or unusual vocabulary. As you become an efficient skimmer your span of scholarship will develop and your ability to make closure will increase.Skimming is a step you should always take to begin with you read any article of factual or practical narrative. You will soon be able to detect most important facts, strange vocabulary, and words that are clues to important relationships.Its a good institutionalise to skim everything in majority media after reading the title and first paragraph. You may g et all the information you want. This keeps your skimming skills from deteriorating, or will give you the practice you need to develop necessary skills.Skim everything you intend to read before you make a final decision to read, discard, or study the material.Skim all highlighting and develop a read-skim pattern to use for rapid review. And dont dominate this Reviewing frequently and rapidly is the best way to memorize (or simply remember information) from notes and long text assignments. Skimming is a very useful instrument for studying, so learn it and use itFrom Start to FinishConfused about what to write down in your notebook during class? Get stressed when preparing for tests and looking over your notes? Here are some suggestions to take you from the informant of the studying process in the classroom, to the end, or the test itself. ingest assignments before heading to class. This will build your background for the information that will be presented in class. It helps you b e familiar with the vocabulary and concepts. This is especially helpful if you are unfamiliar with the subject matter. As you read, underline and highlight important information. If you dont have time to read the entire assignment, at least(prenominal) look over introduction paragraphs, bolded words, and summaries. This will give you a good overview of the information.Although it seems obvious, you need to go to class and take notes. Most professors or teachers lecture during class periods, emphasizing points of importance. Head to class ready to be attentive and write during the entire class. Dont stop taking notes until the reviewer is finishing. Pay particular attention to the end of the lecture, as professors will get up information into this part to finish up for the day. Use abbreviations get expound and main ideas to get complete notes.While the notes are still fresh in your mind, look over them and make any additions or corrections as soon as possible after class. Be su re to make note of any parts you didnt understand or missed. Ask either the professor or a friend via email or before the next class period to get the lacking information.Try to pass your first test in each class to boost self-confidence. Make up a list of study questions and definitions and practice reciting this information aloud, either to yourself or someone else. Dont carry until the last minute study. Rather, study for short periods over several days. Of course, you will want to review the night before a test.Finally, test day arrives. Use these strategies during your exam to make all your hard work worthwhile. Read directions carefully before you begin. Take a few minutes to look over the test, then answer all the questions you know first. This will help you get sure points and builds confidence. Dont leave any blanks it is mitigate to guess if you dont know. Watch your time, and manage it accordingly. Dont rush, but dont go too slow. Take a few minutes at the end of class to look over your test to be sure you have answered all questions and that your answers make sense.

Strategies For Planning Domestic And International Tourism Tourism Essay

Strategies For Planning Domestic And Inter demesneal touristry touristry Essay touristry plays a vital role in economic ascendment between countries. Tourism is the second greatheartedst source of conflicting commuting in India. The touristry industriousness employs a large number of the great unwashed, both consummate and unskil guide. It march ons national integration and worldwide brotherhood.India has fascinate hatful near the world with its secular and its culture. There ar historical monuments, beaches, places of religious centers, hill, and so forth that rive tourists. to each one region is identified with his craft fairs, dances, music and heap. The ministries of touristry, forward motion of international and domestic touristry in the country. Tourism informatory Council recommends measures to promote tourist traffic to India. Indian tourism is displaceed by terrorism, circuits and pollution. open efforts could contri simplye to further take aim the tourism pains of India.Tourism is whiz of the most dynamic industries in the world. It plays a vital role in economic developing between countries. India is one of the popular tourist addresss in Asia. Bounded by the Himalayan ranges in the north and surrounded on three sides by water (the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean), India offers a wide range of places to examine and things to do. The enchanting backwaters, hill stations and landscapes read India a great country. The historical monuments, forts, etc. add to the greatness of the country. They take up tourists from around the world.Tourism is the second largest source of foreign exchange in India. The tourism exertion employs a large number of people, both clever and unskilled. Hostels, travel agencies, transportation, including airlines curb a lot of this industry. Tourism promotes national integration and international understanding. It generates foreign exchange. It encourages cultural activities. The to urism sector in like manner promotes tralatitious crafts. Tourists get a glimpse of rich cultural heritage and divers(a) India.India has a composite culture. There is a harmonious blend of art, devotion and philosophy. The thought of India has suffered a serious invasion it has retained its originality even after absorbing the best of outside influences. Religions similar Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism, etc. co-existed in India. India has fascinated people around the world with its secular and its culture.The various geographical locations of India take for the recreation of tourists. The monuments, museums, forts, shrines, places of religious interest, palaces, etc. offer a feast for the eyes. Each region is identified by its craft fairs, dances, music and people. Some places that attract umpteen an(prenominal) tourists Agr, Jaipur, Jhansi, Hyderabad, Nalanda, Mysore, Delhi, Mahabaleshwar, Aurangabad etc. Haridwar, Ujjain, Shir di, Varanasi, Allahabad, Puri, Ajmer, Amritsar, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Rameshwaram etc. argon places of religious importance. Srinagar, Kullu, Manali, Dehradun, Nainital, Darjeeling, Ooty, etc. be famous hill resorts.The Ministry of Tourism has been formed to promote international and domestic tourism in the country. It provides the basis and implements publicize campaigns. It provides information on the advance of tourist sites in the world market. The ITO develops policies and programs to promote tourism in India. It has agents in India and abroad. The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Administration, the National Council for Hotel Management and supply Technology, etc. provide staff with training in the industry.Tourism Advisory Council recommends measures to promote tourist traffic to India. It examines tourism trends and proposes appropriate action. Some places, castles and maintainlis have been converted into heritage hotels. In these hotels, visitors can gain experience of the exotic lifestyle of the bygone era. The exotic palace trains on the wheel, traveling finished Rajasthan attracts many an(prenominal) foreign tourists. The Indian Tourism trailment partnership (ITDC) organizes frolic programs much(prenominal) as dances and folk songs, and sales facilities. Today, many private companies like Sita Travels, Club Mahindra etc. and organize domestic tours abroad.With the growth of the urban put class professional, tourism in India is booming and many states have interpreted stairs to promote tourism. Goa promotes water sports such as sailing, diving and rafting. Kashmir offers the pleasure of winter sports like skiing and mountaineering. Kerala has introduced the concept of craft in its lagoons. Himachal Pradesh has positive winter sports in the state.In 2005, The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) has started a campaign called Incredible India to promote tourism in India. For purify growth, the Ministry of locations spread across different sections such as spiritual tourism, health tourism, ecotourism and adventure . Things have straighta trend started to look bright for the tourism industry of India.However, the Indian tourism industry has been affected by pollution. Effluents emitted by the Mathura refinery led to the decolonization of the Taj Mahal in Agra. The conditions of many of our monuments are deteriorating due to the negligence of the regime concerned. On the other hand, the beaches have become garbage dumps and uncivilised left by tourists. This occupation should be properly monitored.Terrorism is now a global problem. Our country is non an exception. Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, the Maoist attacks in West Bengal and Bihar, the Bodo agitation in the hilly areas north0eastern greatly affect tourism in our country. Kashmir is the paradise for national and international tourists. Terrorism in this valley not only affects the lives of ordinary people but also tourism, which is actually of the essence(p) for the state economy. Measures must be taken by the state presidency and the central political relation to prevent this threat.The tourism infrastructure in India would be strengthened. Airports and railway stations should provide information to tourists on the tourist destination. Government-owned hotels should be properly managed. The government should also take steps to swear the tourist destination. Measures should be taken to restore the former impressiveness of the monuments. Sincere efforts could contribute to further develop the tourism industry of India. medical examination examination tourism Today, India is emerging as a favorite spot intercession medal. Our country has experienced remarkable growth in the service of the infirmary and well-qualified doctors who not only attracted the patient population of conterminous counties, but also the Middle East and the West.As the concept of medical tourism continues to grow in India, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, with assistance from the Department of Tourism, takes many initiatives to maintain international standards in medical facilities. With some of the best hospitals in the world, Delhi is competing with foreign countries. Although there are countries where critical patients May have to wait for months. simply in Delhi, any type of handling is available promptly.The cost of treatment is significantly lower than those of developed countries. Besides nursing personalized, location is glorious Delhi to rejuvenate. Our country also includes the traditional concepts of Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy with complementary therapies like yoga, stylostixis and Aroma therapy progress of the healing process.Tour operators are now offer attractive in collaboration with hospitals in the city for vacation in perfect health. Thus the land of Nirvana is the best place for medical treatment (Prof. R.S. Dhillon ,www.rajputbrotherhood.com ).Tourism has been cha nged to an important cordial activity in our time. It is so a response to the natural need of gracious curiosity. Tourism, an important human phenomenon is considered in terms of political, social and geographical. Regarding the importance of tourism and tourists in the social destiny, economic countries to recognize and determine the identities of the tourists and also to define the various statistics, many definitions submitted by ecesiss and international experts. Regarding closed their concepts, it is noted that thousands of people are be or not recognized as a tourist with a definition. To have a procedure to correct unit through statistics that has an important role in analyzing the issue of tourism and also to plan in tourism, with a perfect definition is considerably more important. (www.epubl.luth.se)Future picket of the tourism industry There are three heaps of future prospects of the tourism industry in the first view of the funda psychic changes and are found in the priority as the development of communications with foreign and international d other countries, which stays close to the fiber standards, control of health services, improved educational attainment of new transmission and applying more powers of man.In the third point of view of an ideal scenario were designed. By this point of view we have a problem in international communication and having a good starting point, we can see a growth of or so 15%.Limitations and problems of tourism development development of tourism in this land is facing obstacles. Some of these barriers are due to UN Development and moreover it is cogitate to cultural and social situations that provide the infrastructure for tourism development. scotch federal agents such as pretermit of investing, lack of equipment to skilled labor and services are the fundamental obstacles for tourism development (Pender, L. 1999).The assumption that all tourists have a negative impact and harmful to society and cul ture, has negative effects on thought and traditions of society and this idea has been evaluated by a psychologist, a sociologist and expert. It is affirm that the economy with a single product go away be very low merchandise and use. It volition cause a lack of success in selling domestic products to foreign markets. Export promotion as tourism development needs of cultural, social and economic. Meanwhile, lack of equipment and services impart impact on many UN Development. In Eastern countries, the social and mental problems can be solved and solutions to economic barriers need more time. frugal barriers to tourism development are the same obstacles to economic development in the country. Problems of privatization, the limits of the funds market, lack of marketing strategies and export some of the problems of tourism development. Economic stability is the sub-category of political and social stability (Parsaiyan, A. and S.M Aarabi, 2003).One of the main equipment and prima eval in planning studies in all economic, social and cultural have an important role in statistics and information.The political instability of Tourism Tourism has been drawn as very important economic factor good in recent years.Transport problems Ways condition is one factor in the effective development of tourism in each region. Thus, investment funds is very important and necessary.Lack of promotional material and problems Official Due to the lack of publicity, tourists are not informed on the major tourist attractions. pomp advertising and broach, multilingual tour guide, books and CDs, Web sites can help develop tourism effectively.The problems and shortages of hotels, motels, tourist facilities in the province Lack of cheap hotels that causes a lot of tourists is a very brief stay in India. This problem also causes the dissatisfaction of tourists.Unfamiliarity with the tourism industry the negative assumptions of certain people and government managers, lack of training and an appropriate public announcement are some of the problems of tourism. (Lavasani, A., 1985).Shortage of skilled manpower Shortage of skilled manpower in the government and private sectors is one of the major problems of tourism. Most people who work these jobs are not trained or specialty is not related to employment. Lack of knowledge on cultural heritage, handicrafts, traditions and attractions on tourism in the province of India is not developed and there is only elflike material around them. These zones are not ready to receive tourists, and because not to enroll in tourism markets, they lack the opportunities to advertise on their cultural, historical, religious, and attractions crafts in other countries.Obstacles tourism and major problems the problem of tourism and the obstacles of India province No short-term and long term tourism master plan ,low investment in tourism projects , existence of a decision taken by several organizations ,lack of division between private and governmental duties of , lack of context to rebuild the tourist attractions of the province of India ,no advertising tourist attractions ,Lack of new techniques for advertising as Web sites, online booking ,lack of training for the workforce in the tourism industry ,lack of enforcement and regulations supportive of 10 lack of equipment and facilities ,no tourist services quality ,negative case on the tourism industry ,lack of consideration of the needs of tourists ,lack of publicity for local people on the importance of tourism ,existence many problems for the $ 16 insufficient consideration to sources present, tourism attractions and local and national tourism development tourist attraction in the province of India has attracted local tourists and many countries. Tourism needs development, development of domestic tourism, planning and implementation of advertising programs designed to motivate travel in Indian and international tourists. This implementation will lead to the devel opment of domestic tourism and pave the way for the familiarity of local investment in tourism projects (Lee, J. 1999).Development of religious tourism it is best to attract foreign tourists from Muslim countries as we have many cultural similarities and there are lots of interests between religion and neighboring countries and the Persian Gulf. As religious tourism, and the Holy Temple and the mosque has a large role in the development of tourism.Marketing in the tourism destination country according to national standards tourism master plan for India If the government wants to advertise tourist attractions in different markets, they must invest a lot of money on the spread, and could not be considered profitable by the ideas of some managers. It is preferable to invest in the country of destination tourism as cultural relations and similarities nation. To find new tourism markets, the interests of the nation show examined and studied and depending on the outcome of the options sh ould be selected. Considering the tourism industry as an effective if the decision does not consider tourism as an important industry, if this product like other sectors will have the production areas of distribution, marketing and consumption. Marketing must invest and advertising attractions, culture and civilization. It should be considered as tourism in this destination for which a group of people has been designed, because there is a direct relationship between motivation and income.Develop communication with international tourism organizations and participate in conferences and specialized these days, seminars incoming the international market require direct cooperation with the international network markets. Therefore, the government and the private tourism sector should be close cooperation with international organizations. To develop tourism, people working in state and private sectors must participate in specialized conferences and seminars to further their knowledge (Mah alati, S. 2001).People and local associations should be familiar with the tourism industry, and they must know the personal benefits and national tourism, and when they are informed, they will preserve the sights and they contribute to tourism development. Tourism is an industry that does not belong to a group or part of the city. Total, cooperation of people is necessary, and many general managers, companies and organizations engaged in tourism, directly or indirectly, if the tourism organization should inform the participation activity.The training of persons working in the tourism industry (hotels, motels ) manpower training is necessary because every tourist has his own interest, so people working in hotels, restaurants, rest areas tourism must instruct their training. They should behave politely with tourism, because the good behavior of people working in the tourism section is very effective for the satisfaction of tourists.Training of skilled manpower, specialized training a nd educated workforce can promote tourism and an expert can properly investigate and find weaknesses in tourism services.Strategies to give value to religious, cultural, historical and ecotourism attractions for tourism developmentIncrease the aloofness of stay of tourists strategy to provide value is to hint ways and new solutions to increase the length of stay of tourists. It must be studied on ways to make travel more versatile tourists and make it more interesting for them, because tourism is not only visit the tourist attractions and return to the hotel.Give the variety of tourism activities and the proliferation of sources of tourism will bring tourists back to this destination.Retrieve and create tourist attractions using the capabilities of tourism potential and equipment properly, and the creation of new tourism areas will pave the way for the visiting tourists. Attractions should be kept well to receive tourists for years. (Mak, J. 2004)