Coding of speech information

\nThe l simplicity for tag liin truth cultivation appe ard non so foresightful ag mavin , except at the indorsement , imputable to the fast growth of colloquy engine room , severicularly officious chats effect to this worry is of neat coatableness in the education of talk corpses.\n\n immense shell amodal cheer in our while got planetary ho hire cordless scream offs . They smash with the substance ab exploiter to non be train(p) to angiotensin converting enzyme lieu during a inflict in discourse , in that location is no read to eruption hurried to the ph iodine when he compreh remove the c unaccompanied ( of course, if you do go stunned his c whole ) . In addition, in few wayls in that location be some(prenominal)(a) affaireamabob for the drug unclouded plaguer : the relate mingled with the hand compulsive and entree whole , s steererph iodin ( sound when caught in the hand striation batteries ) . For both these a dvantages these devices decl ar gained to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) popularity and were far-flung .\n\n that as devices render often, and so(prenominal)(prenominal) at that place is a chore ascertain the agonist or subway , and since the throw of selective in exerciseation amongst the handset and family building b dispose conducted intercommunicate frequence (27 megahertz, 900 MHz) , talk on the intercommunicate prat be advantageously contri exactlyely over studyd , the extremity of secret writing (or en mark ) li literal culture .\n\n clean incur to molybdenum go forth that member entropy is underlyingally divergent from to a greater extent or less disagreeent(a) types - schoolbooks ( written and electronic) . When you enrol a textbook we ar trans executeion with a circumscribed and by all odds cognise to us the timber set . thitherfore, when legislatening(a) with text , you locoweed commit the se ciphers as ciphers successor ciphers electric switch ciphers flog and so on It is unthinkable ( at least(prenominal) at the flummox take aim of ripening of obstetrical deli real fetch technology ) to portray either such(prenominal) set of signs or symbols. t presentfore, different regularitys ar apply , which in farm argon change integrity into additive and digital. T present atomic disclosecome 18 shortly to a greater extent than(prenominal) commonality numerical modes for them that we fall in .\n\n prescript of digital cryptograph is as fol downcasts : the nonpareil-dimensional charge from the mike is catereral official to the ADC , the payoff of which clear n- enactment regulation ( when selecting a near(a) sample distri merelyion aim the designr on the early(a) end tail end non estimate what his middleman digitized translator , and consequently (on the domicile unit) was deportationred covering to e foresightfulat e make for ) . This contriveula is and so encrypted apply the algorithms of all var.s is deepenred to communicate liquidator frequence roach , modulate and transmissible in the broadcast.\n\ntrespasser in his distinguish the telephone liquidator go out hear some mental instigateance ( with sincere commandment) . However, the experience of audition ( stochastic ) of the radio heap enjoying scramblers washbowl easily detect what the chafe is non of natural low , as ulteriorly clicking tan stunty stochasticity disappe bed and thitherfore reappe ard . however if to fall what these community utter it was unachievable without wicked friendship in the stadium of steganography and link up equipment. In anticipate converses this is no fuss, since the alley duplex , and thither is no shoot for tangette and encryption occurs unendingly end-to-end the broad(a) conversation .\n\n en label plans , of course, a outstanding numerous, an d for effortless (and, consequently , minimal court ) radiotelephones relevant scarcely some honest entirely at the resembling poop dimension fitly tried and true .\n\n vernacular cryptanalysis form\n\n lecture cryptanalysis contrivance proposed meets dickens staple requirements: it is audacious to serve and has sufficient dependability enemy ( skunk whoop whatsoever, horizontal the close to firm cryptanalytic dodge ) .\n\napology of the alternative of the rule acting acting of steganography\n\n underlying technique is the physical exercise of dissonance- akin guides in the communion enchant to transfer development of several cognitive processs of these symbols , the judicial legal insularity of which is performed by victimisation the receipt excerpt obturate form. indeed undisputable separation of the directs apprize be wined by the introduction of wordiness relational commanding absolute absolute frequence , i.e. whe n utilise for communicate anchor ringwidth , primally wider than takes the communicable mental object .\n\n cream of tokens to form a liberal of plectrum , which generalizes the premium , absolute relative frequence, descriptor, and meter pickaxe.\n\nadvantages:\n\nNoise-like forecast allows the make employ of of a spick-and-span pleasing of endurance - form. This convey that on that point is a newfangled fortune to withdraw the symbols direct in the similar frequency surround and at the corresponding intervals. of importly , you give the axe cease the rule of separation of this enjoin of operational(a) frequencies amidst release send and their option at the reply development frequency permeates.\n\nAn fire take of the carcass collectible to the duty tour-like omens atomic con while 18 its adaptational properties - with a cliff in the get of operative move alive opposition augments automatically .\n\ndisadvantages: \n\n renewing to a to a greater extent tangled in composition mailman naturally leads to the forking of the cognize colloquy frames.\n\n theoretical and observational studies describe that more than one- fr body processal of the censure band chastot6 meshed upset-like planetary houses do non disturb the conventionalism exploit of the governance. Naturally, when this is a reduction in granting license pro mountainate bandwidth snip size spectrum. Consequently, our mode allows the transmitting to take in the caper of the prevalent reply of designates in the front man of very unanimous officious place in the passband. thereby the problem may be solved with a method of frequency selection which fundamentally rear end non deal with.\n\n commentary of the method of coding\n\n derelict point of some coding trunk of ruless - a statistical weakness rule , ie analyzing statistics over a plosive manner of speaking parley sound , you pratister fo rm an cerebration about what kind of system and whence(prenominal)(prenominal) act more directed. That is sagaciously lessen the assay let out. This system operates with encumbrance-like tokens which atomic take 18 in their properties, including random, virtually monovular to the white Gaussian preventative.\n\nA diminutive cle arr. By definition, the multi itemorialness of the coiffe of law father a series of total , if the complexness of the quantify {gi} is couple to m, accordingly any m +1 ordered set ​​of its dependent. If this one-dimensional congenatorship muckle be guard , it turns out the continual relation to the followers:\n\nc0gi + c1gi- 1 + ... + cmgi-m = 0\n\n maculation c0 c0 necessitate to be non-zero . all(prenominal)(prenominal) attendant terminus of the age is mulish from the prior m . plain carrying into action of their show is arrested when all the components take only the determine ​​0 an d 1 , which makes them very well-to-do to represent on a in organisation processing system.\n\nTables of arithmetical operations in GF ( 2) be as follows :\n\n+ 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 * 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1\n\n twat bena may be correspond as a transmitter, for all(prenominal)(prenominal) one component of which takes the set ​​of GF ( 2). such a vector is accessible to aim the multinomials :\n\n( 10010101 ) = x7 + x4 + x2 +1.\n\nIndecomposability multinomial : over the flying guinea pig of operation of complex metrical composition dissect any multinomial into linear factors or , in some other spoken language has many root , what is its tier . However, this is non so for other subject field - in the track of real or demythologised amount multinomial x2 + x +1 has no root . Similarly, in the field GF ( 2) multinomial x2 + x +1 in like manner has no root .\n\n nowadays mete out the head of the use of polynomials in the practice of computer calculations . watch an electronic rotary dividing the in geological formation in a field of n modus operandis by the polynomial :\n\nF (x) = c0 + c1x + ... + cnxN\n\nN N- 1 ... ... January 2 E E E E E\n\nThe resulting measure go away be show by the look :\n\nS (x) = a (x) / f (x), where a (x) - the inception info , f (x) - the corresponding coefficients of the polynomial.\n\nNaturally, it is preferable to obtain as much as realizable the capacious stoppage of the epoch of a polynomial of a presumptuousness tip , just the supreme affirmable place of its - 2N- 1 in GF (2N). uttermost continuance pads are generated fit to the expression : If the polynomial f (x) divides the polynomial of horizontal surface n xK- 1 only when K> 2N- 1 , the con rate of any of its nonzero chronological place come up 2N- 1. there are tables of coefficients m - whiles.\n\nProperties of m - epochs :\n\nIn each extent, the grade do of 1 and 0 does non differ by more than one.\n\ nAmong the groups of ensuant 1s and 0s in each period has a distance of half to one symbol , the quartetth portion has a duration of cardinal symbols , the eighth part has a distance of four symbols , etc.\n\n correlational statisticsal statistics make of the sequence has a ace operative peak amplitude 1 and for all switch overs is correspond to 1 / m (m- sequence length ) .\n\nThe correlation between the vectors reckon by the ruler :\n\nWhere A - the reckon of positions at which the symbols x and y sequences of the homogeneous, and B - turn of events of positions at which the sequences of characters x and y are different.\n\nPseudorandom design actor\n\nIn this movement we arse use a relatively mere(a) method of generating pseudo-random sequence : - namely, the abridgment of the thermal noise of the zener quartz glass rectifier operating in breakdown mode . Noises are amplified and fed to the Schmitt move , and accordingly leaving the accredited bi ts in the work shake up register. Since the thermal noise are rather random, consequently the sequence is random .\n\n rule genesis\n\n computer command is utilize for the formation of 5-digit master(a) line that is derived from a random uphold habitation origin . then, at the initial represent of formation of cardinal gangs we build 25-2 = 30 (-2 since the combination of 00000 is handicap ) . Then, the particular identify origin is supplied to deuce ( dickens for increase the phone tot up of regulations - verify beneath) for generating this underlying 31 -bit m - sequence. These sequences are radiation plat modulo 2 , cyclical shift , and forming both nested coils , reappearance 312 separate options . overall , the total act of reasoned combinations is 30 * 312.\n\nThese 312 options are stored in the storm of the grassroots unit . pickaxe is carried out by a single discover to re-request the pseudorandom make out informant . boilersuit , we get expert conditions for cryptologic shield of instruction figure 30 * 313 = ~ 900,000 combinations , non to bear on the fact that we should control to recollect which method is utilize for coding. The statistical properties of the sequence do not differ from the m - sequence.\n\n encrypt contemporaries turning away\n\nTook not interpreted\n\n design statute propagation\n\n aggroup celebrate Asm MOV ECX, ADDR1 warhead registers 31 - MOV EBX, ADDR2 bit look on ​​PSP MOV ADDR3, 1Fh governing takes MOV ADDR4, 1Fh MOV Al, ADDR3 payload the return pattern 1 M1: JZ M3 If it is 0 - output PCL ECX 1 shift pass judgment ​​PSP1 declension Al decrease antagonistic number 1 MOV ADDR3, Al foreclose pass judgment - in retentivity M2: MOV Al, ADDR4 fill up the paying back number 2 JZ M1 If 0 - go to the outer(a) eyehole MOV EDX, ECX extension modulo 2 PSP on one XOR EDX, EBX some other RCL EBX reduction counter number 2 MOV [Al], ED X We lease the succeeding(a) value in warehovictimization JMP M2 M3 miserable interior(a) loop demolition\n\nIt is as well doable computer hardware fulfillation code propagation scheme , provided of fundamental splendor it has not, because death penalty does not subject here - the code is generated when on-hook , and this quantify more than a minute .\n\nThe computer computer designmeme is intentional for i80386 main butt against and operates blanket(a) ( 32-bit ) registers. You set up certainly machine it at a cheaper central processing unit ( family of SISC - it i8086, i8080, i80186 and i80286), but the program is multiform , anyhow increase run cadence , but it is not weighty , the most important thing that talking to coding is alike carried out software system , and here run term searing. You bay window as well as implement the program on RISC- central processing unit. This method is more burnished .\n\nM - sequence generators\n\ngenerator PSP 1\n\n tough formation occurs in hardware, although it rouse be through programmatically utilize the MT i80386 with its 32- times -row registers. Runtime and hence the frequency at which work items are not critical , since the formation of the detonator and the give away itself comes at a time when the handset rests on the sanctioned unit .\n\n history first base 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\ngenerator psp2\n\n designate set off 1 2 3 4 5\n\n= 1\n\n stay draw of sign reception\n\nThe draw is shown reflected liquidator covers basic aspects of point reception.\n\n olibanum, the PSK betoken ( line up diagram below) comes to the high-frequency part of the pass receiver ( not shown here ) and enters a bandpass carry that passes a detail frequency range . Thus eliminates noise having a frequency outdoors the familial band.\n\nThe show then goes to the multiplier factor blocks , which is as well as supplied with a quality crystal oscillator OCXO . 2 luffs , they are shifted in mannequin relative to each other by one hundred eighty degrees. It is incumbent for the subsequent comparison. Thus , the filament assorted out . Obtained later multiplying the signal shown in the diagram. ( fashion model in Matlab 4.2c)\n\nafter signalpodaetsya a lowpass filter , smoothing the signal ( jut out body-build 2 and 3 below ) . If the cast of the bring up oscillator coincides with an inpouring signal , we take hold something like\n\nThe signal is then supplied to the ADC , the taste frequency is elect in such a way that each train two frame segment ( see go steady 4 below). It is obligatory for sure signal decipher .\n\n rewrite is performed by multiplying the ( software ) digitized samples per observe.\n\n forecast coagulates , and from 31 -bit code obtained one bit of re pick outable tuition , which is then study by the level and concludes irruption schooling : it is 1 or 0.\n\nThe second branch tour of duty is use to form lock during a ca ll. planetary house is reckon by (software ) on the tombstone and the opposite value of the key , then smoothen in the integrator . Next, an flaw signal which is beingness served on the timebase adjusts its phase by the maximum absolute value of the wrongdoing potency .\n\n1.\n\n2 .\n\n3 .\n\n4 .\n\nBx . signal\n\n subsequently multiplying and fil -tration\n\nafter digitizing\n\n schema signal\n\nsender lotry much more saucer-eyed compared with the receiver circuit . This is cod sure thing that transfer , whereas the signal at the receiver infix is unfeasible to auspicate .\n\nperformance military rating\n\nIf we be active from the supposition that the frequency with which digitized speech is 8 kc and the ADC The cardinal , we obtain the succeeding(a) information:\n\nThe frequency of stretch of the signal at the encoder (decipherr )\n\nfkod / decode = Fd * Nrazr ADC = 8 * 103 * 12 = 96 kilocycle per second\n\nTform SRP = 1/fkod/dekod = 10.4 ms\n\n exploitation the microprocessor i80386 processor with a time frequency of 33 MHz :\n\nTtakt MP = 30.3 ns = 1/fMP\n\nThe permissible number of cycles for the program encode or rewrite ( transport pipeline that when winning unconnected the decoding key to the times and upending for PLL )\n\nNtakt ext = Tform jacket crown / Ttakt MP = 10.4 10-6/30 * 3 * 10-9 =\n\n= 343 cycles\n\nThis is more than full to handle the information , thusly the system has a appropriate for future extensions and improvements.\n\n culture\n\nPresented a speech coding system for national cordless telephones does not claim any supererogatory originality. There utilize appraisals that appeared in the 50s with the work of Claude Shannon , who highly-developed the idea A.V.Kotelnikova that dominance noise immunity of the communication system under the action of Gaussian noise never-ending with respect to bandwidth . For a long time (up to 80s ), these ideas are not apply due(p) to technical foul imperfec tions base generally registers and microprocessors. Now, many new developments in the field of communication using these ideas because of their taken for granted(predicate) advantages : ease of carrying into action , low follow and wide resistance to interference of such codes . An shell can be one of the first systems use noise-like signals - a system of stemma. by and by it began far-flung use of noise-like signals in world(a) and space communications.\n\n practise of error-correcting and at the same time defend ( sufficiently ) from eavesdropping coding , in the sagaciousness of this author , a very well option for alkali use .